Late 1659 and Restoration Flashcards
What was Booth’s rising?
Aug 1659, Sir George Booth from Cheshire held an uprising in defiance of the Rump in several large parts of the country. He called for free Parliament, which was known essentially to be royal restoration. However, he didn’t openly advocate for royalty which shows royalists were still weak at this point. Presbyterians made the challenge suggesting anti-Rump sentiment, not a pro-Stuart movement. Booth held on for weeks but his expectation Spanish troops would help unfounded.
What did Lambert demand after Booth’s rising? How was the Rump dissolved in 1659?
Lambert responsible for crushing of Booth’s rising. Issued army petition demanding Rump’s authority be reduced to creation of upper House and all army leaders be promoted to rank of general. Also asserted for army to have authority in purging local corporations that hasn’t actively opposed recent royalist risings. Haselrig found this an attack on the Rump’s political authority and demanded imprisonment of Lambert and petitioners. In October regiments loyal to Lambert occupied London and dissolved Rump.
What was the result of the Rump’s dissolution?
With the Rump dissolved in Oct 1659 the Council of the Army established the Committee of Safety made from officers and civilians to act as an interim government until a more permanent body could be established.
How did Monck react to dissolution and how were Lambert’s forces defeated in Dec 1659?
General George Monck condemned the dissolution of the Rump and negotiated with members of the expelled House who offered him the role as commander-in-chief and invited him to bring army south to London. Monck prepared to do so. The Army Council sent up Lambert but his forces were no match for Monck’s and they scattered.
What protest did England see between Oct-Dec 1659?
protest in London and Bristol between Oct-Dec 1659. Portsmouth, a key garrison town, declared against the government, as did the navy. In London there were apprentice riots. The Committee of Safety and City of London received several petitions calling to deal with economic crisis, put down tyranny of army rule, and restore ancient liberties through a free Parl or monarchy. Fleetwood and army, with prospect of civil war, restored Rump in Dec.
How did Rump lose popularity after it was called in Dec 1660?
When the new Rump opened Desborough, Lambert, and Fleetwood were dismissed. Monck invited to England to become commander-in-chief and arrived in Jan 1660. Rump removed half of serving officers with vindictive purge. The Rump lost popularity for this, traders and merchants refused to pay tax.
How did Monck gain influence in the Rump?
Monck was undermined by MPs in the Rump as he was given the task of dealing with the London crisis. He used troops to bring order but insisted the Rump dissolve by May 1660 and re-introduced MPs expelled at Pride’s Purge in 1648. Feb-March 1660 the Rump was restored and tilted the political balance against Republicans. Lambert removed from ranks. In Long Parl Monck made them commit to promise to elect new Council of State, alongside making him commander-in-general. Edward Montague, royalist sympathiser, made commander of the fleet. Both favoured Charles’ return.
How was Lambert finally defeated in 1660?
Monck in negotiation with Charles II since July 1659. Lambert in March 1660 tried to resist restoration by calling army force but Fleetwood and Desborough made no move, and Haselrig didn’t get involved. At Edgehill Lambert’s army was defeated.
How was Charles II restored?
Convention Parliament opened on 25 April with 60 monarchists. Republicans did badly in contrast. The House of Lords reconvened and joint Houses considered terms for restoration. On 4 April 1660 Charles II made his Declaration of Breda committing to champion religious freedom, provide pardon, and accept Parliament’s right to decide property entitlements and arrears. On 8 May England was declared no longer a republic and on 14 May a parliamentary deputation visited Charles. On 29 May King Charles II escorted by Monck made entrance to London.
