last set

Question 1

guaranteed annual income (GAI) upstream approach

Answer 1

• if an individual has no income from any souce at all, they receive a basic entitlement
• as earned income increases, the benefit declines, but less than proportionately so that low-income earners receive partial benefits and are not worse off than they would have been if they were to quit their jobs and solely relied on income assistance

Question 2

Universal Health Care (approach)

Answer 2

upstream approach

Question 3

moving to opportunity (approach)

Answer 3

upstream

• provided rental assistance with counselling to help very low-income families move from poverty-stricken urban areas to low-poverty neighbourhood
• associated with significant reductions in the prevalence of extreme obesity and diabetes 1 year after the intervention

Question 4

Healthy communities plan H

Answer 4

plan H program supports local government engagement and partnerships across sectors for creating healthier communities
- upstream (more middle)

Question 5

nudge theory

Answer 5

-create subtle cues in the environment
(colour coding packaging with green or red street lights, bug on urinal, handwashing signs in the bathrooms giving countdown song, calorie counts on menus, beautifying stairwells, cutsie naming veggies) UPSTREAM (mid)

Question 6

the CAN approach

Answer 6

Convenient (to see, to order, to pick up, to consume)
Attractive (name, appearance, price, expectations)
Normal (to order, to purchase, to eat)

UPSTREAM (mid)

Question 7

building design so people take stairs

Answer 7

upstream (mid)

Question 8

Sprouting healthy kids (approach)

Answer 8

-intervention components over 5 months included one of more of the following: (in class lesson about healthy foods, gardening, locally grown, taste tests) 
Results: exposure to 2+ components changed knowledge, preferences, and behaviour

MIDSTREAM APPROACH

Question 9

making it harder to smoke and easier to quit

Answer 9

a 5 point plan in new york

1. regulation of sales
2. legislation and policy of smoking bylaws
3. provision of quit-smoking resources (hotline, free nicotine replacement)
4. mass media and “cigarettes eating you alive” campaign
5. ongoing evaluation conducted through systematic annual telephone surveys of adults and bi-annual in-school surveys of high school students

(28% decrease in adults, 52% decrease in youths)

MIDSTREAM

Question 10

where should we put our focus?

Answer 10

on upstream and midstream interventions to begin with healthy public policies to address social position, and changing structural and social aspects of places to be more health promoting

(must flip the social ecological model inside out)