Aboriginal Health

Question 1

prevalence of diabetes in aboriginals vs non-aboriginals

Answer 1

3 to 5 times higher

Question 2

accidents and injuries in abo populations

Answer 2

accidents and violence rates for abos are 3 times higher than the rest of BC pop.
–> 70% of the ingury deaths occur to boys and men

Question 3

Environmental/housing conditions

Answer 3

• many overcrowded homes
• many regular boiled water advisories
• 25% of abo communities have inadequate an/or unsafe water supply
• 43% on reserve live in a home in need of major repair

Question 4

social considerations

Answer 4

• less abos have education
• higher homicide rate of indigenous people
• abo females are 3x more likely to have faced violence
• more births and infant mortalities

Question 5

mental health

Answer 5

• twice as many suicidal thoughts
• less rate their mental health as good/excellent
• 5x more suicide rates in youth

Question 6

human development index (HDI) quality of life and wellbeing

Answer 6

abos are way lower

Question 7

Distal determinant of health

Answer 7

contextual and historical factors creating health and social circumstances (colonialism, racism, loss of cultural and political institutions have resulted in powerlessness and dependancy)

Question 8

intermediate determinant of health

Answer 8

closer community and living conditions that influence individual behaviour

Question 9

proximal determinant of health

Answer 9

income, employment, education and health behaviours

Question 10

what accounts for the differences in health of abos

Answer 10

socioeconomic conditions

Question 11

Tripartite First Nations Health Plan

Answer 11

design and delivery of health services with and for First Nations

1. respect and recognize culture
2. commitment to action
3. nurture the relationship

Question 12

first nations perspective on health and wellness model

Answer 12

• people and places that are critical to reach (people around the circle)
• the people are holding hands to demonstrate togetherness, respect & relationships “one heart, one mind”
• 4 values upholding wellness
• the colours of the sunset were chosen specifically to reflect the whole spectrum of sunlight, as well as to depict the sun’s rotation around the earth

Question 13

first nations’ perspective on health is

Answer 13

holistic: understand connections between food, land, work, culture, sustainable use of resources & community values and social support

Question 14

How do we take action to help education with abos

Answer 14

• preserve indigenous language
• funding for education opportunity for abos
• closing educational gaps

Question 15

how do we take action to help health with abos

Answer 15

• acknowledge impact of residential schools
• identify and close gaps in health service
• create healing centres
• value aboriginal health practices and collaborate with traditional healers
• increase number of aboriginal people trained in health care

Question 16

key definition of health

Answer 16

smoking
PA - (0-1.5, 1.5-3, >3)
alcohol
diet (<1, 2-3, 4, 5)
stress

Question 17

best diet

Answer 17

mediterranean

Question 18

what impacts health outcomes most

Answer 18

1. health behaviours
2. health/clinical care
3. social and economic factors
4. physical environments

Question 19

health related behaviours…

Answer 19

tend to cluster

are not evenly distributed throughout a population –> influenced by SES

Question 20

rational behaviours and incentives

Answer 20

people often make choices based on the incentive of doing so, not necessarily what is best for them

• incentives work if people want to make a change any way and just need a little push
  e. g. physicians

Question 21

rational behaviour and information

Answer 21

does giving information equip a patient to make fully informed choices

• the more informed, the more complex understanding is needed
• sometimes people don’t want to know (e.g. terminal illness)

Question 22

rational behaviour and brains

Answer 22

our cognition mediates rational choice and agency

• our brains are sculpted over time as a result of our ongoing activities and patters
• so, our brain activity is unique to our social development

Question 23

rational behaviour and sociology

Answer 23

human action is intentional and goal oriented, but we select actions and realize options thru social interactions and communication

• our freely chosen actions are influenced by circumstance
• values, beliefs, interests, biases all heavily influenced behaviour and are all socially connected

Question 24

lifestyle drift

Answer 24

tendency for policy to start of recognizing the need for action upstream on the social determinants of health… only to drift downstream to focus largely on individual lifestyle factors

Question 25

health promotion idea traps

Answer 25

trap 1: there is strong inherent logic to behavioural change strategies (telling one person seems to make sense)

trap 2: rose’s prevention paradox is somewhat counter-intuitive: changing the behaviour of high risk individuals appears as if it will change the health status of the population

trap 3: it is easier to set evaluation strategies, indicators and time-limited interventions for behaviour change rather than the more elusive policy and longer term structural changes from healthy public policy.