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Weatern Civ. > Last science Quiz > Flashcards

Last science Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classes of rock?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

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2
Q

How do scientists understand how to classify rocks?

A

They observe their composition and texture.

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3
Q

The minerals and organic matter a rock contains determines what?

A

Composition

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4
Q

The size, shape, and positions of the grains that make up a rock determines the rocks….

A

Texture

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5
Q

What are rocks that have large grains that are easy to see with your eyes?

A

Coarse-grained rocks.

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6
Q

What are rocks called with small grains that can only be seen with a lens or microscope?

A

Fine-grained rock

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7
Q

What rock can be fine-grained or coarse-grained depending on the time magma takes to cool?

A

Igneous rock

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8
Q

The texture of this rock depends on the rocks original composition and the temperature and pressure at which the rock formed. What is it?

A

Metamorphic rock

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9
Q

This rock forms when hot, liquid magma cools into solid rock.

A

Igneous

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10
Q

When magma pushes into, or intrudes, surrounding rock below earth’s surface and cools, the rock that forms is called what?

A

Intrusive igneous rock

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11
Q

Magma that is well insulated cools quickly or slowly?

A

Slowly

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12
Q

What kind of texture does intrusive igneous rock have?

A

Coarse-grained

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13
Q

What are some examples of intrusive rock?

A

Granite and diorite

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14
Q

Igneous rock that forms when lava erupts, or extrudes, onto earth’s surface is called what?

A

Extrusive igneous rock

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15
Q

Lava cools very quickly at earth’s surface. So, there is very little time for crystal formation. Because there is little time what kind of crystals form and what kind of texture does this rock have?

A

Small and fine-grained

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16
Q

What extrusive rock cools so rapidly that no crystals form?

A

Obsidian

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17
Q

Obsidian looks glassy, so it is often called what?

A

Volcanic glass

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18
Q

What are other common extrusive rocks?

A

Basalt and Andesite

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19
Q

Sometimes lava erupts and flows from long cracks in Earth’s crust called what?

A

Fissures

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20
Q

The solid parts of earth are almost entirely made up of what?

A

Rock

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21
Q

What did early humans use rock as?

A

Hammers to make other tools.

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22
Q

For centuries people have used different types of rock including granite, marble, and sandstone for what?

A

To make buildings

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23
Q

The ancient Egyptians used rock called _____ to construct the Great Sphinx and the pyramids at Gaza.

A

Limestone

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24
Q

What processes change rock?

A

Weathering,erosion,deposition,temperature, and pressure

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25
Q

The process by which water, wind, ice, and change in temperature break down rock is called?

A

Weathering

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26
Q

Weathering breaks down rock into fragments called?

A

Sediment

27
Q

The process by which sediment is moved from one place to another is called?

A

Erosion

28
Q

The process by which sediment comes to rest is called?

A

Deposition

29
Q

If the temperature and pressure are high enough, the buried rock can change into _______ rock?

A

Metamorphic.

30
Q

In some cases, the rock can get hot enough to melt and form what?

A

Magma or molten rock

31
Q

When magma reaches earth surface it is called?

A

Lava

32
Q

What are the three classes of rock?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

33
Q

Forms when minerals that form for solutions or sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.

A

Sedimentary

34
Q

Forms when magma or lava cools.

A

Igneous rock

35
Q

Forms when pressure pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.

A

Metamorphic rock

36
Q

This rock forms when the weight from above presses down on the layers of minerals or when minerals dissolved in water solidify.

A

Sedimentary

37
Q

Sedimentary rocks ate made according to the size and type of fragments they contain. What is an example of these types of rocks?

A

Sandstone

Limestone

38
Q

Metamorphic may be change in four ways..

A

By temperature
By pressure
By temperature and pressure combined
By fluids or other chemicals

39
Q

This is a metamorphic rock that forms at high temperatures deep within earth’s crust.

A

Gneiss

40
Q

Series of pressure in which rock changes from one type to another is called?

A

The rock cycle

41
Q

When igneous rock is exposed at earth’s surface it may break down into what?

A

Sediment

42
Q

With temperature and pressure changes, sedimentary rock may become what? Or they may melt and become what?

A

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

43
Q

What kind of motions can move rock around?

A

Tectonic plates

44
Q

What are the two types of vertical movement?

A

Uplift and subsidence

45
Q

The rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations is what?

A

Uplift

46
Q

Is the sinking of regions of the crust to lower elevations.

A

Subsidence

47
Q

This increases the rate of erosion on rock.

A

Uplift

48
Q

This leads to formation of basins where sediment can be deposited

A

Subsidence

49
Q

This is an area where a set of deep cracks form

A

Rift zone

50
Q

All the processes that form _______ rock occur mainly at or near the surface of the earth

A

Sedimentary

51
Q

What are three types of sedimentary rock?

A

Clastic

Chemical

52
Q

This sedimentary rock forms when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together by calcite or Quartz.

A

Clastic

53
Q

Fine-grained sedimentary rocks, in which grains are too small to be seen, include what?

A

Mudstone
Siltstone
Shale

54
Q

This clastic sedimentary rock is a medium-grained rock with visible grains

A

Sandstone

55
Q

These two clastic sedimentary rocks are coarse grained and are made up of large particles, such as pebbles, cobbles, and boulders.

A

Breccia and conglomerate

56
Q

This sedimentary rock forms when water, usually seawater, evaporates

A

Chemical

57
Q

What is NaCI

A

Sodium chloride

58
Q

This chemical sedimentary rock forms when sodium ions and chlorine ions in shallow bodies of water become so concentrated that it crystallizes from solution.

A

Halite

59
Q

This is a fossiliferous limestone that consist of the shells of marine mollusk that have been cemented together by a calcite. It is also a sedimentary rock.

A

Co quinoa

60
Q

This forms when plant material is buried and changes into _____. It is also an organic sedimentary rock.

A

Coal

61
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock?

A

Foliated and non-Foliated rock

62
Q

What is a combination of one or more minerals or organic matter?

A

Rock

63
Q

If the temperature and pressure changes are high enough the buried rock can change into metamorphic rock. In some cases the the rock gets hot enough to form?

A

Magma

64
Q

Forms when pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.

A

Metamorphic rock

Weatern Civ. (3 decks)

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