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Last quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Poa Pratensis L.

A

Kentucky Bluegrass

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2
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass is?

A
  • Perennial, short, sod cool season grass
  • apomixic (has clones)
  • High LAI near soil surface
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3
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass bud orientation?

A

Rolled

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4
Q

Does Kentucky Bluegrass have an auricle?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the tip of the leaves of Kentucky Bluegrass shaped like?

A

A boat keel

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6
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass needs _____ soils

A

Fertile

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7
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass needs _____ moisture

A

Sufficient

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8
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass has ____ root system

A

Shallow

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9
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass tolerates what better than most cool-season grasses?

A

Flooding

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10
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass is _____ winter-hardy

A

Very

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11
Q

Embryo production without the need for fertilization (asexual reproduction)

A

Apomixis

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12
Q

_______ varieties of Kentucky Bluegrass produce less growth

A

Turf

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13
Q

Traditional Kentucky Bluegrass for KY?

A
  • Common
  • Kenblue
  • Ginger
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14
Q

What kind of establishment is recommended for Kentucky Bluegrass?

A

Fall

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15
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass requires higher soil fertility especially in?

A

P and lime

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16
Q

Forage nutritive value is determined by ______ and ______

A

Maturity, Forage type

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17
Q

Why at the same stage of maturity does Kentucky Bluegrass have higher nutritive value than other cool-season grasses?

A
  • More leaf material

- Finer stems

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18
Q

Is Kentucky Bluegrass better for individual or overall animal production?

A

Individual (total production/acre is lower due to lower yields)

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19
Q

Kentucky Bluegrass is tolerant to____ and _____ grazing

A

Close, Frequent

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20
Q

Dactylis glomerata L.

A

Orchardgrass (cocksfoot)

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21
Q

Orchardgrass is a?

A

-Perennial, erect, tall growing bunchgrass

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22
Q

Clump of tillers from axillary buds on crown

A

Bunch

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23
Q

Orchardgrass bud orientation?

A

folded (flat tiller bases)

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24
Q

Does Orchardgrass have an auricle?

A

No

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25
Q

Orchardgrass has _____ winter hardiness

A

Moderate

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26
Q

Orchardgrass has _____tolerance of dry soil

A

Moderate

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27
Q

Orchardgrass has ______ tolerance of flooding

A

Moderate

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28
Q

Orchardgrass is most tolerant to?

A

Shade

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29
Q

Early maturing varieties of Orchardgrass have?

A

Higher yields and faster regrowth

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30
Q

Later maturing varieties of Orchardgrass have?

A

At a given growth stage a higher leaf content and higher nutritive value

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31
Q

Orchardgrass is _____ responsive to N fertilizer

A

Very

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32
Q

Orchardgrass is more tolerant to ____PH and P soils than Kentucky Bluegrass

A

Lower

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33
Q

A ______stubble height is needed for Orchardgrass and _____grazing is recommended

A

Higher, Rotational

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34
Q

Orchardgrass produces more regrowth as hay than?

A

Timothy

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35
Q

Orchardgrass is ______in terms of yield and nutritive value

A

Intermediate

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36
Q

In Orchardgrass individual animal production is?

A

High

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37
Q

In Orchardgrass total production per acre is?

A

Moderate

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38
Q

In Orchardgrass ________declines very rapidly with maturity

A

Nutritive value

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39
Q

Orchardgrass is compatible with _____ and ______

A

Alfalfa, Red Clover

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40
Q

Orchardgrass has _______ establishment

A

Rapid

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41
Q

Orchardgrass has ____ regrowth in hay systems

A

Good

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42
Q

Orchardgrass is _____ productive during summer conditions

A

More

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43
Q

Orchardgrass may compete heavily with ______

A

Legumes

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44
Q

Phleum pratense L.

A

Timothy

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45
Q

Timothy is?

A
  • Perennial, erect tall bunchgrass

- mostly used for hay has

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46
Q

Timothy’s bud orientation?

A

Rolled

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47
Q

Does Timothy have an auricle?

A

No

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48
Q

What does Timothy have that other plants do not to identify them?

A

Haplocorms (bowl)

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49
Q

Timothy is one of the ____ winter hardy forages?

A

Most

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50
Q

Timothy has _____ tolerance to high temperatures

A

Very poor

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51
Q

Timothy has _____tolerance to flooding

A

Poor

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52
Q

Timothy has an______soil fertility need

A

Intermediate (better yields with no N)

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53
Q

Timothy matures _____ than other cool-season grasses

A

Later

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54
Q

High winter hardiness=

A

Low fall production

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55
Q

Low winter hardiness=

A

High fall production

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56
Q

Timothy establishes ____, but may have slow ______ development

A

Rapidly, Seedling

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57
Q

What planting is recommended for Timothy?

A

Fall

58
Q

Timothy requires no _____ for reproductive tillers

A

Vernalization

59
Q

Timothy has ____ tolerance to lower pH and P

A

Moderate

60
Q

________ application can increase tiller production

A

Fall N

61
Q

Timothy is compatible with most _____

A

Legumes

62
Q

Timothy produces high quality hay if harvested in _____to_______stage

A

Late boot, Early reproductive

63
Q

Timothy produces _______ regrowth

A

Very little

64
Q

Timothy has a ____ root system

A

Shallow

65
Q

Timothy’s carbohydrate reserves are?

A

Small

66
Q

Timothy is easily weakened by _____and ______

A

Grazing, Frequent defoliations

67
Q

Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)

A

Tall Fescue

68
Q

Tall Fescue is?

A
  • Perennial, erect, tall bunch or sod grass

- short rhizomes

69
Q

Tall Fescue’s bud orientation?

A

Rolled

70
Q

Does Tall Fescue have an auricle?

A

Yes, claw-like

71
Q

What does Tall Fescue have to identify it different from other grasses?

A

Prominent veins on leaf blade

72
Q

Tall Fescue is tolerant to ____ and ____ environments

A

Cool, Hot

73
Q

Tall Fescue is tolerant to_____drained soils and flooding

A

Poorly

74
Q

Tall Fescue is more tolerant to ____than other cool-season grasses

A

Drought

75
Q

Tall Fescue is very tolerant to _____soil fertility

A

Poor

76
Q

Tall Fescue has quicker _____and ______development than other cool-season grasses

A

Germination, Seedling

77
Q

Tall Fescue still needs ____ fertilization for optimal production

A

Adequate

78
Q

Tall Fescue may be ____ competitive against legumes

A

Very

79
Q

Tall Fescue needs to ________grazing until well-established

A

Minimize

80
Q

Tall Fescue is tolerant to _____ defoliation

A

Frequent

81
Q

Tall Fescue produces _____ and _____ hay

A

High quality, High yielding

82
Q

Tall Fescue has ____ quantities of regrowth

A

Large

83
Q

The deferment of grazing in late summer and fall to allow enough accumulation of forage to provide grazing during the winter months

A

Stockpiling

84
Q

Tall Fescue maintains more of ____and____ during the winter months than other cool-season grasses

A

Yield, Nutritive value

85
Q

Tall Fescue has a ______ nutritive value to most other erect cool-season grasses

A

Similar

86
Q

Tall Fescue has _____ individual animal performance, and ____ carrying capacities

A

Low, High

87
Q

Tall Fescue has mutualistic symbiosis with fungal ______

A

Endophyte

88
Q

The fungal endophyte produces?

A

Ergot alkaloids

89
Q

Cynodon dactylon

A

Bermuda Grass

90
Q

Bermuda Grass is?

A
  • Perennial, sod-forming, warm-season

- has stolons

91
Q

Bermuda Grass maintains _______LAI near soil surface

A

High

92
Q

Bermuda Grass is ______adapted to low soil pH and extremes in soil moisture

A

Very well

93
Q

Bermuda Grass has a ____ root system

A

Deep

94
Q

Bermuda Grass requires ______ level of soil fertility

A

moderate-high

95
Q

Bermuda Grass has ______ tolerance to cold

A

Very little

96
Q

Bermuda Grass produces ____ quantities of hay

A

Large

97
Q

May tolerate _____ and _____ defoliation

A

Close, Frequent

98
Q

______ stocking rates are favored to maintain high nutritive value

A

High

99
Q

Bermuda Grass is similar to ______ or ________

A

Orchardgrass, Tall Fescue

100
Q

Bermuda Grass has _____ individual performance except in horses

A

High

101
Q

Bermuda Grass has ____ carrying capacities

A

High

102
Q

Bermuda Grass that has already been established is _____tolerant to weeds

A

Very

103
Q

Bermuda Grass can be established in what two ways?

A
  • Seeds

- Sprigs

104
Q

Bermuda Grass may accumulate _____ during drought

A

Nitrates

105
Q

Requires ___ levels of fertilization to maintain persistence and productivity

A

High

106
Q

Sorghum bicolor L Moench

A

Sorghum (cane)

107
Q

Sorghum is?

A

-an annual

108
Q

Types of Sorghum?

A
  • Grain
  • Forage
  • Sweet
  • Sudangrass
  • Johnsongrass
109
Q

Sorghum is _____ tolerant to high temperatures and drought

A

Very

110
Q

Sorghum is ______ to frost because of?

A

Susceptible, prussic acid

111
Q

Sorghum is more tolerant to _____ and ____ fertility soils

A

Acidic, Low

112
Q

Brown mid-rib Sorghum has?

A

Lower lignin and higher digestibility, but lower yields

113
Q

Photoperiod sensitive varieties of Sorghum?

A

Are adapted to equator day lengths and will not flower when moved to temperate regions

114
Q

Sorghum has ___ ______ germination and establishment

A

Very rapid

115
Q

In Sorghum _____ increase risk of nitrate and prussic acid poisoning

A

N fertilizers

116
Q

Sorghum as silage should be harvested when ______ is present but still green

A

Grain

117
Q

Sorghum as hay should be harvested at ______

A

Boot stage

118
Q

Sorghum needs ____ stocking density since it grows so fast

A

High

119
Q

Medicago sativa L.

A

Alfalfa

120
Q

“Queen of the forages”

A

Alfalfa

121
Q

Alfalfa is?

A

-Tall, erect

122
Q

Alfalfa’s leaves have ______ on upper _____ of their leaves

A

Serrations, 1/3

123
Q

Alfalfa has a very _____ and _____ tap root system

A

Deep, extensive

124
Q

Alfalfa has a very ___ fertility requirement

A

High

125
Q

Compared to other plants Alfalfa has a very high ___ requirement

A

K

126
Q

Because of _____________ Alfalfa has variable cold tolerance

A

Fall dormancy ratings

127
Q

Depending on Alfalfa’s ___________ they may be susceptible to diseases and pests

A

Pest resistance ratings

128
Q

Ratings to indicate the relative differences in the amount of fall growth

A

Fall dormancy ratings

129
Q

Fall growt is an indicator of ______

A

Winter-hardiness

130
Q

% of alfalfa susceptible to diseases and pests

A

Resistance rating

131
Q

Diseases to worry about in Alfalfa?

A
  • PRR
  • BW
  • FW
  • An
  • APH
132
Q

Insects to worry about for Alfalfa?

A
  • Potato leaf hopper

- Alfalfa weevil

133
Q

Alfalfa needs what kind of soils?

A

Deep, well drained, fertile

134
Q

Best time to establish Alfalfa?

A

Spring to reduce Sclerotinia

135
Q

Best seeding method for Alfalfa?

A

Prepared seedbed with cultipacker

136
Q

Mature Alfalfa does what to younger Alfalfa?

A

Produces toxin to inhibit root growth in the young ones; Autotoxicity

137
Q

Risk of Alfalfa auto toxicity depends on?

A
  • Age of previous stand
  • amount of Alfalfa present
  • disease resistance
  • irrigation the soil receives
  • soil types in field
  • tillage type
  • time interval of reseeding
138
Q

Alfalfa needs lime with ____ neutralizing value

A

High

139
Q

A ___ rate of N may help with establishment of Alfalfa

A

Low

140
Q

Alfalfa should be harvested based on _______ not ______

A

Growth stage, Calendar date

141
Q

Alfalfa that is more tolerant to grazing has what?

A

More crown buds and more prostrate growth habit

Plant Science (2 decks)

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