Last prep Flashcards
Draw/describe microtubules, including:
o Explain/draw the foundational structures of microtubule formations
2 strands wound around each other, then 2 dimers wound around each other into protofilament, limed up and stacked into microtubule
Draw/describe intermediate filaments, including:
o Construction/destruction
Multiple stands of fibrous proteins wind together, and can be unwound into dimers
Draw/describe intermediate filaments, including:
o General structure
Sheet of 8 tetramers wound around each other
Draw/describe microfilaments, including:
o Arrangement
2 strands of actin wind around each other to make a spiral
Draw/describe microfilaments, including:
o General structure
NOTE: The Table 9.1 is very helpful in putting together many elements for each of the
cytoskeletal protein types
2 strands of actin wound around each other to make a spiral
Draw/describe microfilaments, including:
o Construction/destruction – Treadmilling?
- Actin binds to ADP molecule
- ATP actin monomers added to both ends, but fast growing barbed end more quickly
- Subunits added to both ends but also removed from minus end- treadmilling.
Draw/describe microtubules, including:
o Construction/destruction
2 strands wound around each other, then 2 dimers wound around each other into protofilament, limed up and stacked into microtubuleRequires GTP to be bound to beta tubulin subunits added to + end of existing polymer via MAPs.
Myosin
o Their method of movement along their respective cytoskeletal proteins,
By pulling on the actin “rope,” myosin generates force, causing the cell to stretch, contract, or move.
Dyneins
o Their method of movement along their respective cytoskeletal proteins,
Dynein connected to MT by dynactin, “walks” along MT
What does dynein interact with?
Microtubules
What do kinesins interact with?
Microtubules
What does myosin interact with?
Actin
What direction does myosin move in?
Barbed (+) end
How do kinesins move?
One head binds to MT, conformational changes in neck of other make head move forward and bind
What structure is responsible for ciliary/flagellar movement?
Axoneme
What motor protein is the driving force for the ciliary and flagellar movement in this structure?
Dynein
What are the steps for ciliary and flagellar locomotion?
Stem of each dynein molecule is tightly anchored to outer surface of alpha tubule, globular head and stalks project towards B tubule of neighboring doublet.
- Dynein arms anchored along A tubule of lower doublet attach to binding sites on B tubule of upper doublet.
- Dynein molecules undergo conformational change that makes lower doublet slide towards basal end of upper doublet.
- Dynein arms detatch from B tubule of upper doublet.
- Arms reattach to upper doublet, cycle repeats
What do axonemes have in common with other structures?
Contains a lot of microtubules, (9+2)
Integrin brain dump
Plasma membrane proteins involved in cell attachment and signal transduction by binding to ligands. Head and legs that extend to grab stuff
Cytoskeleton brain dump
Supports cell structure and critical for cell motility
CopI brain dump
Retrograde, ERGIC to Golgi
CopII brain dump
Anterograde, to ERGIC and Golgi
Anterograde motion
To axon terminals or golgi
Retrograde motion
from golgi
