Last modules Flashcards
What are the photoautotrophs and where do they get their energy?
-Primary producers
-Energy from sunlight and carbon from inorganic
What are the heterotrophs?
Consume directly or indirectly the molecules from primary producers.
Describe the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary consumers.
-Primary: herbivores
-Secondary:eat herbivores
-Tertiary: eat secondary
Describe decomposers.
Eat dead bodies and make waste products. They are crucial to the food chain.
What are the type of community level interactions?
-Antagonistic: 1 species benefits and 1 is armed
-Mutualism: both benefits
-Competition: negative for both
What are the consequence of antagonistic interactions?
Prey/host: strong selection for effective defensive mechanisms
Predator/parasite: strong selection for overcome defenses
What are the consequence of competition interactions?
One species:
-Subordination
-Niche differentiation
Two species:
-Competitive exclusion
-Niche differentiation
-Extinction of one species
Describe the ultimate cause in behavioural ecology.
Reason for a behaviour on a evolutionary scale: attempts to explain why a trait exists.
Describe the proximate cause in behavioural ecology.
Explain behaviours in terms of the here and now of ecological time: ontogenetic and mechanistic.
What are the 3 different behavioural patterns?
-Genetic inheritance: nature of organism
-Environmental influence: nature
-Experience: learning
Describe the followings behaviours:
Habituation
Imprinting
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Insight
Rythmic
Circannual
Habituation: loss of sensitivity to unimportant stimuli
Imprinting: innate and acquired during a limited critical period
Classical: linking one stimulus with another
Operant: trial and learning (associative)
Insight: reason by correctly performing a task on the first attempt
Rythmic behaviour: biological clock dictates various daily behaviours
Circannual: physiological and hormonal changes influenced by exogenous factors.
