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Drug Delivery > Last Minute > Flashcards

Last Minute Flashcards

1
Q

What size particles for nasal delivery to turbinates?

A

5-10um, >10um trapped in hairs,

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2
Q

How is reverse micelle formation achieved?

A

Sodium deoxycholate

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3
Q

In which route are tight junctions looser?

A

Pulmonary

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4
Q

How does epithelial thickness vary throughout the lungs?

A

From about 60um in bronchi to

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5
Q

hat enzymes can be found in oral mucus/saliva?

A

No proteases but contains esterase, amylase, lipase, phosphatase.

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6
Q

What drugs can be delivered via the sublingual/buccal route?

A

insulin, inhaler: RapidMist delivery system. Insulin, surfactant, solubiliser, micelle creating agent, emulsifying agent.

Buprenorphine, naloxone, Actiq lollipop, buccal testorone, Striant
Nitroglycerin

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7
Q

What is special about the vaginal structure?

A

Intercellular channels are present.

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8
Q

What could vaginal rings be used to treat?

A 
Contraception 
HRT
IVF therapy 
Microbicides (HIV, herpes) 
Reservoir, matrix, pod forms.
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9
Q

What rings exist?

A

NuvaRing

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10
Q

What is the release area of Eudagrit L 100?

A

Jejunum: pH 6

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11
Q

What is the release area of Eudagrit L 30?

A

Doudenum pH 5.5

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12
Q

What release profiles are possible from Geomatrix?

A

Swelling device.

Zero order, quick-slow, slow-quick, binary, positioned, accelerated, delayed, cardiovascular, multiple pulse.

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13
Q

How can the length of cross links influence drug release?

A

Larger links - more drug release as not as tight matrix

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14
Q

For chemically controlled DDS, in surface erosion devices what is the relationship between polymer degradation and water ingress?

A

Polymer degradation leads to water ingress and drug release.

Bulk erosion: water ingress leads to polymer degradation

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15
Q

Class II POE hydrolysis (surface erosion) is what?

A

Acid catalysed

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16
Q

Class IV POE degradation is what?

A

Self-catalysed

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17
Q

What is electro spinning?

A

Syringe driver + polymer solution + high voltage power supply.
Tetracycline release to treat bacterial infections.
PCL
PEVA

18
Q

What can electrospinning be used for?

A

Suspensions and emulsions, reduce or eliminate burst release, coaxial electrospinning allows core/sheath nanofibres to be generated.

19
Q

What are benefits of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles?

A

Inert
Thermally stable
Easy to functionalise
Following drug loading, pores can be capped with Nanoparticles that can be selectively removed by pH, light, magnetism, antigen, S-S reduction or saccharide.

20
Q

How can the rate of degradation of Gliadel wafers be increased?

A

Increase the amount of sebacic acid in the PCPP:SA mixture.

Treats malignant gliomas. Brain.

21
Q

What is NK012?

A

Targets DNA topoisomerase I.
PEG+ SN38 = NK012
Takes advantage of EPR effect.

22
Q

What is C. novyi?

A

An obligate anaerobes bacteria that can colonise tumours, also haemolytic so able to disrupt lipid bilayers.

23
Q

Many prodrug passive targeting approaches include a polymer or Nanoparticles carrier to ensure what?

A

Accumulation in tumour tissue and tumour specific release.

24
Q

What types of linkers can be used for pH sensitive targeting?

A

Imines, hydrazone, carboxylic hydrazone, acetal, ketal.

25
Q

What is HSA?

A

Human serum albumin.

26
Q

What is HER2?

A

Transmembrane glycoprotein over expressed.

27
Q

How can single chain variable fragments (scFv) be used in active targeting?

A

Single chain variable fragments of antibodies penetrate tumours better and have higher specificity.

HER2 can be targeted for PDT using a scFv Ab.

28
Q

What is an example of ADEPT?

A

Carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) against colorectal cancer.

29
Q

What are affibodies?

A

Based off of Stayphlococcal protein A which binds to mammalian IgG.
EASILY generated
Scalable.

30
Q

How can aptamers be used?

A 
Aptamers - linker- drug
Aptamer containing drug.
Aptamer - toxin or enzyme 
Aptamer - liposome 
Aptamer - micelle 
Aptamer - polymer Nanoparticles
31
Q

Elimination usually involves:

A

Cystine

32
Q

Deamindation usually involves:

A

Asparagine and glutamine

Favoured at pH 5 and above

33
Q

Disulphides bond shuffling occurs to

A

Cystine residues

34
Q

What is the effect of removing terminal disulphide bonds?

A

Reduces Tm by 40 degrees.

35
Q

Oxidation occurs to

A

Methionine and cysteine

36
Q

Cross linking involves

A

Lysine

37
Q

Thiol-disulphide exchange involves

A

Cysteine and cystine

38
Q

Why are cyclodextrins added to protein formulations?

A

Suppress aggregation of proteins

39
Q

Why are polysorbates used?

A

Preferential exclusion of solutes.
Acting as a chaperone aiding protein refolding.
Binding to hydrophobic patches of proteins.
Formation of detergent film in aqueous systems to limit protein exposure to air/water interface.
Compete with proteins in adsorbing to surfaces - glass, IV bags etc.
Applicable for lifetime of formulation

40
Q

Why should polysorbates be used with caution?

A 
Auto-oxidation can occur
Hydrolytic degradation 
Reactive peroxides
Aldehydes 
Immunogenicity 
Extent relies on: identity of protein, protein and surfactant concentration etc

Drug Delivery (11 decks)

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