Last minute Flashcards
McCune albright
precocious puberty, cafe au lait, fractures
CAH - congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Presents in girls with ambiguous genitalia - enlarged clitorus
- Presents in boys with salt loosing crisis, low Na, hyperkalaemia, vomiting, weight loss
- Raised 17-hydroxyprogesterone is diagnostic of deficiency in the enzyme 21-hydroxylase
- Replace hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone
Felty syndrome
neutropenia, splenomegaly, rheumatoid
What worsens psoriasis
Trauma, alcohol, beta blocker, ACEi, NSAID, lithium, antimalarial, withdrawal of steroid
What ligament injured when drop something heavy on foot
Lisfranc
Drugs causing digoxin toxicity
Thiazide, Amiodarone, furosemide, CCB, cyclosporin, Quinidine, spironolactone
Thelassys test
For meniscal injury
Homonymous hemianopia
- incongruous defects: lesion of optic tract
- congruous defects: lesion of optic radiation or occipital cortex
- macula sparing: lesion of occipital cortex
TACO vs TRALI
TACO - HTN and pulm oedema
TRALI - low BP, pulm oedema and fever
What abx lowers seizure threshold and causes tendinopathy
Ciprofloxacin
When to avoid ciprofloxacin
G6PD, breast feeding
Plummer vinsen
difficulty swallowing, iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis, cheilosis and esophageal webs
Milk alkali
Triad of high calcium, alkalosis, renal failure
Hartnup disease
Patient presenting with collapse, rash on legs at same time, change in behaviour
placenta accreta
Bleeding post birth with history of C section
Driving and aortic aneurysm
Inform if >6, stop if >6.5
Renal failure with low vs high sodium in urine
Low = pre renal e.g. hypovolaemia
High = ATN
Target cells and raised HbA2
Beta thalassaemia
How to treat lymes if pregnant or allergic to doxy
amoxicillin
Hard as wood thyroid, hypothyroid
Reidels
Bernard soulier
Bleeding/ bruising with large platelets
Cushings disease vs syndrome
Disease = pituitary, syndrome = all of them
CAP + herpes labialis - organism
Strep pneumoniae
Dermoid cyst
Rubbery lump above eyebrow
Most common ovarian cancer
Serous carcinoma
Meningitis prophylaxis
rifampicin or ciprofloxacin
What anti platelet to give in medically managed MI
Ticagrelor
What cancer does tamoxifen increase the risk of
Endometrial
White patch on tongue that can’t be rubbed off
leukoplakia
When to use warfarin instead of DOAC
eGFR < 15 or antiphospholipid syndrome
Metallic heart valve
Normal IOP, how to treat glaucoma
Normal = <21
- If >24 offer laser trabeculoplasty first line
What is PKD associated with
mitral regurg, Berry aneurysm, colonic polyps RCC
How to treat bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Spironolactone
How to investigate thyroid nodules
Fine needle biopsy
Does hypo or hyperthyroid cause raised prolactin
hypothyroid
What to do if HTN in <40yo with no other RF or findings
Refer
1st line insulin for T1 vs T2DM
T1 = basal bolus
T2 = once daily long acting
Child with pubic hair <3yo
hamartoma of posterior hypothalamus
T2DM very young with strong family hx of the same
MODY
Impaired fasting glucose vs impaired glucose tolerance
Impaired fasting glucose = fasting glucose 6.1-7, normal OGTT < 7.8
Impaired glucose tolerance = OGTT result 7.8-11.1
What chromosomal condition causes bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of aorta
Turners
Viral illness followed by non blanching petechiae rash and no fever
ITP
confusion whilst taking SSRI - cause
Hyponatraemia
Cells seen in CLL
Smudge cells
Cells in AML
Auer rods
Endocarditis - most commonly affected valve normally and in IVDU
Normal - Mitral
IVDU - tricuspid
Most common organism in endocarditis, most common with prosthetic heart valve
Staph A
Prosthetic - Staph epidermidis
Von Willebrand - how present and bloods - how to treat
Epistaxis, bruising, menorrhagia
Prolonged APTT, normal platelets
Tranexamic acid, demopressin
How to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome, are pupils affected?
Dantrolene and bromocriptine
Pupils un affected - are dilated in serotonin syndrome
IM benpen doses for meningitis
0-1 - 300
1-10 - 600
>10 - 1200
IM adrenaline doses in asthma - how often repeat
0-6m - 100-150mcg
6m-6yr - 150mcg
6-12yr - 300mcg
>12 - 500mcg
Repeat every 5 mins
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - how present, what present on blood test
- Phenotype of women with primary amenorrhoea, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, groin lumps due to undescended testes
- Raised testosterone
- XY - male
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - how present and treat
Women - male secondary sexual characteristics, ambiguous genitalia, hirsutism, primary amenorrhoea
Male - salt loosing crisis
Treat with cortisol replacement
When can do combined vs quadruple screening
Combined 11- 14w
Quadruple 15-20w - inhibin and HCG raised, AFP, oestrogen low
Polycythaemia - how present, mutation, tx
Itching after hot bath, splenomegaly, clotting, HTN
Jak2
Aspirin, venesection, hydroxyurea
Termination and medical miscarriage mx
Termination - mifepristone then misoprostol
(f for first, s for second)
Miscarriage - misoprostol
(s for single)
Skin involvement in SJS and TEN
SJS <10%
TEN >30%
Hypersegmented polymorphs
B12 deficiency
Tear drop cells
Myelofibrosis
Target cells
IDA
SOB, palpitations, dizziness, pan systolic murmur - symptoms change with position
Atrial myxoma
when to do OGTT in pregnancy
24-28
Brown discharge, empty foetal sac
Missed miscarriage
What condition caused by c1 esterase deficiency
Hereditary angiodema
