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James' Phase 2a cards > Last minute > Flashcards

Last minute Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of lung damage causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Infarction, Infection e.g. pneumonia, TB

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2
Q

Examples of irritants causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Coal dust, silica

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3
Q

Examples of diffuse parenchymal lung disease casuing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

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4
Q

Examples of connective tissue diseases causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

RA, SLE, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren’s syndrome

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5
Q

Examples of drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis

A

Amiodarone, Nitrofurantoin (especially older women with recurrent UTIs), Bleomycin, Methotrexate, Cyclophosphamide

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6
Q

Name 2 signs visible on hands that indicate IPF

A

Finger clubbing
Acrocyanosis

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7
Q

Signs that could be present on X-Ray showing IPF

A

Honeycombing
Ground glass opacities
Reticulations
Distribution - predominantly lower zone fibrosis in IPF

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8
Q

What two medications are licensed for use in the treatment of IPF?

A

Pirfenidone - TGFβ Inhibitor; reduces fibroblast activity
Nintedanib – monoclonal antibody against tyrosine kinase; interferes with fibroblast proliferation, migration and differentiation

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9
Q

Symptoms of hypocalcaemia

A

● C - convulsions
● A - Arrhythmias
● T - Tetany (intermittent involuntary muscle contractions)
● S - spasms
● Numb - numbness

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10
Q

Two signs of hypocalcaemia

A

Chvostek’s sign - tapping facial nerve causes muscle spasm
Trousseau’s sign - inflated blood pressure cuff causes wrist flexion and finger adduction

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11
Q

Which two LFT’s when raised indicate biliary pathology?

A

ALP, GGT

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12
Q

What is the most common type of gallstone?

A

Cholesterol

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13
Q

What two eponymous signs indicate haemorrhagic pancreatitis?

A

○ Grey Turner’s Sign- flank bruising
○ Cullen’s Sign - periumbilical bruising (central)

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14
Q

What autoantibody indicates Addison’s?

A

Anti-21-hydroxylase

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15
Q

What toll-like receptor reacts to viral double stranded DNA?

A

TLR3

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16
Q

What would you seen upon X-Ray of a patient with Multiple Myeloma?

A

Raindrop skull

17
Q

What is chipmunk face indicative of?

A

Beta thallasaemia major

18
Q

What medication should be given in opiod overdose?

A

Naloxone

19
Q

What is Wenckebach phenomenon?

A

PR interval becomes progressively more prolonged until a QRS complex is missed, then the pattern resets

20
Q

How should you treat emergency severe hypoglycaemia?

A

IM glucagon

21
Q

Describe CKD staging

A

1 GFR >90
2 GFR 60-89
3A GFR 45-59
3B GFR 30-44
4 GFR 15-29
5 GFR <15

22
Q

Describe AKI staging

A
  1. Increase in serum creatine 1.5-1.9 x baseline within 7 days
  2. Increase in serum creatine 2.0-2.9 x baseline within 7 days
  3. Increase in serum creatine >3.0 x baseline within 7 days
23
Q

Cystic fibrosis’ effect on the pancreas

A

Normal enzyme production, but channel dysfunction causes dehydration of secretions -> enzyme stagnation

24
Q

Cystic fibrosis’ effect on the biliary tree

A

Decreased movement of water -> concentrated bile -> damage

25
Q

Cystic fibrosis’ effect on the GI tract

A

Low volume secretions -> increased viscosity, intraluminal water deficiency

26
Q

Cystic fibrosis’ effect on the Respiratory tract

A

Airway dehydration -> Decreased mucocilliary clearance + increased risk of bacterial colonisation -> Inflammatory lung damage due to neutrophil response

27
Q

What ages does ALL present?

A

Under 5s & over 45s

28
Q

What type of anaemia does hypothyroidism cause?

A

Megaloblastic macrocytic

29
Q

What is the most common subtype of MND?

A

ALS

30
Q

Which IBD has apthous uclers?

A

Crohn’s

31
Q

What is thrombophilia?

A

A condition in which the blood has an increased tendency to form clots

32
Q

Which autoantibodies are associated with PSC?

A

pANCA and Anti-smooth muscle

33
Q

What does raised ALT, ASM and IgG indicate?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

34
Q

What can be perscribed to manage pruritus in patients with PBC?

A

Cholestyramine

James' Phase 2a cards (11 decks)

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