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KCUMB Neuroendocrine > Last Min Stuff > Flashcards

Last Min Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Tarsal Muscle (of Muller) Innervation

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers of T1

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2
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris innervation

A

CN III

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3
Q

Orbicularis Oculi Innervation

A

Facial Nerve

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4
Q

Portions of the Orbicularis Oculi

A

1) Palpebral Portion~ Gentle closing of lid

2) Lacrimal Portion~ Increases amount of lid contact to the surface of the eyeball and dilates the lacrimal sac

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5
Q

What portion of the orbicularis Oculi Dilates the Lacrimal Sac

A

Lacrimal Portion

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6
Q

What muscle is associated with Horner’s Syndrome

A

Tarsal Muscle (of Muller)

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7
Q

Describe the symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome

A

1) Slight Ptosis
2) Miosis~ Pupillary constriction due to paralysis of the dilator pupillae muscle
3) Enophthalmos~ due to paralysis of the orbitalis muscle of muller which has a slight protrusion function
4) Anhidrosis and Blushing of Skin

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8
Q

Partial vs Complete Ptosis

A

1) Complete Ptosis = Oculomotor nerve palsy

2) Dysfunction of sympathetic pathway leading to paralysis of Muller Muscle

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9
Q

What is Ptosis

A

Drooping of falling of the upper eyelid

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10
Q

Describe the structures involved in draining tears from surface of the eye

A

1) Lacrimal Canaliculi –> Drains into the lacrimal sac via sinus of Maier
2) Lacrimal sac is continuous with the nasolacrimal duct that opens into the nasal cavity

3

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11
Q

What is the name of the opening of the lacrimal canaliculi?

A

Lacrimal Punctum

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12
Q

Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

A

1) Secodary ischema of Optic Nerve

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13
Q

What does Traumatic Optic Neuropathy affect

A

1) Optic Nerve
2) Ophthalmic a.
3) Central Retinal a.

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14
Q

What does a Blow-out fracture of the Orbit cause

A

Zygomatic Bone is displaced medially which causes:

1) Herniation of: Periorbita, Inferior oblique and rectus muscles, or orbital fat pad into maxillary sinus

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15
Q

Le Forte Fractures

A

1: Transverse Fractures of the Maxillae just above the alveolar Processes
2: Pyramidal-shaped fractures of the maxillae usually involving part of the medial margin of one of the orbits

3) Extensive transverse fractures of the face involving many facial bones and both orbits (panda bear appearance).
- Face has been separated from the base of the skull

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16
Q

Functions of Extraocular Muscles and Innervation

A

CN III:

1) Superior Rectus~ up and Out
2) Inferior Recuts~ Down and Out
3) Middle rectus~ Adduction
4) Inferior Oblique~ Up and in

CN IV:
1) Superior Oblique ~ Up and In

CN VI:
1) Lateral rectus~ Abduction

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17
Q

What does the superior division of CN III innervate?

A

1) Levator Palpebrae Superioris

2) Superior Rectus

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18
Q

What occurs when the superior division of CNIII is severed

A

1) Levator Palpebrae Superioris: Complete Ptosis

2) Superior Rectus: Inability to abduct and elevate the affected eye

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19
Q

What is innervated by the inferior division of CNIII

A

Medial Rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior Oblique

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20
Q

Superior Oblique Innervation and clinical

A

1) Trochlear N. (CN IV)

2) Inability to adduct and depress the affected eye

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21
Q

Lateral Rectus Innervation and Clinical

A

1) Abducens (CN VI)
2) Inability to abduct the affected eye
- Increased intracranial pressure may compress the abducens n. and result in paralysis of the lateral rectus m.

22
Q

Describe how the Ophthalmic N. (CN V1) innervates the eye

A

1) Lacrimal n. ~ Lacrimal Gland

2) Nasociliary: Main Sensory of eyeball

23
Q

What is the main sensory of the eyeball

A

Nasociliary n. which is a branch of CN V1

24
Q

Which nerves are important for Direct and Consensual Corneal Reflexes

A

1) Nasociliary n.
- esp. long ciliary n. (CN V1)

2) Facial n. Zygomatic Branch (CN VII)

25
Q

What occurs when there is a injury to the oculomotor nucleus of CN III

A

1) External Strabismus
2) Complete Ptosis
3) Dilated and unreactive pupils

26
Q

What occurs when there is injury to the trochlear nucleus

A

1) inability to adduct and depress the affected eye

2) Patient tends to tilt his head away form the affected eye

27
Q

What occurs when there is injury to the abducens nucleus

A

1) Inability to abduct affected eye

28
Q

What is the chief blood supply to of the orbit and retina?

A

1) Orbit: Ophthalmic a.
- Supplies optic nerve via posterior ciliary and central retinal a.

2) Retina: Central Retinal a.

29
Q

Papilledema

A

1) Increased intracranial pressure frequently restricts venous return from retina
2) Increased venous pressure results in edema or swelling of the optic disc

30
Q

What is the opening of the sphenoid sinus

A

Spheno-ethmodial recess

31
Q

What is the opening of the ethmodial sinuses

A

Superior nasal sinus

32
Q

Opening of ethmodial sinuses

A

Superior Nasal Meatus

33
Q

Opening of Frontal Sinus

A

1) Middle Nasal Meatus

34
Q

Where does the Maxillary sinus open up into.

A

Middle nasal meatus in posterior part of Semilunar hiatus at maxillary ostium (bellow ethmoid bulla)

35
Q

Inferior nasal meatus opening

A

Nsaolacrimal Duct

36
Q

Venous Drainage of the Nasal Cavity

A

1) Sphenopalatine
2) Facial
3) Ophthalmic veins

37
Q

Waldeyer’s Lymphatic Ring

A

1) Palatine, Pharyngeal, and Lingual tonsils

2) Drain into Deep Cervical Lymphatics

38
Q

Innervation of Parotid Gland

A

Parasympathetic CN IX

39
Q

Submandibular Gland and Sublingual Gland innervation

A

Parasympathetic CN VII

40
Q

Sublingual Gland duct opening

A

1) Open onto inferior surface of oral cavity posterior to submandibular duct papilla

41
Q

Submandibular duct opening

A

Opens form each gland through papilla in the floor of the mouth

42
Q

List the Pharynges

A

1) Nasopharynx ~ Nasopharynx pharyngeal tonsils –> Uvula

2) Oropharynx ~ Uvula –> Epiglottis
- Will expand when swallow and epiglottis is pushing up

3) Laryngopharynx

43
Q

Where does the middle constrictor insert on?

A

Hyoid bone

44
Q

What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue innervated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal

45
Q

What branches do you need to look out for during tonsillectomy

A

1) Tonsilar Brannch of Acscending Palatine

2) Tonsilar branch of Facial

46
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini innervation and function

A

1) CN V3

2) Tenses soft palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear

47
Q

Levator Veli Palatini innervation and Function

A

1) CN X via Pharyngeal Plexus

2) Elevates tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube

48
Q

What occurs when there is paralysis of Tensor or Levator Veli Palatini

A

1) Leads to reflux or oral contents into nasal cavity

2) Pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

49
Q

What does the Pharyngeal Plexus supply

A

1) Sensory to oropharynx and laryngopharynx via CN IX and X

)

50
Q

What is the Nasopharynx Supplied by?

A

CN V2 (Maxillary division)

** NOTE that the Nasopharynx is above the pharyngotympanic tube and torus tubaris

KCUMB Neuroendocrine (3 decks)

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