Last Lecture - Additional Revision notes Flashcards
5 elements of a
Risk Assessment
Hazard Who Control Report Review
What is the difference between motion picture 35mm film and still photography 35mm film ?
The aspect ratio difference between still and motion picture film. Still film has an aspect ratio of 1.5:1, where 35mm academy is 1.37:1, soft-matted to 1.85:1 (typically, anyway). So, if you use the DSLR, make sure you are framing within a 1.85:1 space and keep in mind the action safe area for television.
What is widescreen aspect ratio?
16:9 is generally considered widescreen
2.35:1
Aspect
Ratio
Most films
are shot in 2.35:1
FRAME RATE
- Effect
So if frame rate does not determine exposure, what does it do? Frame rate determines the characteristics and quality of motion.
How many frames per second do films made for the cinema traditionally run at? 24 Why 24?
24 frames per second is the running speed at which the effect of motion createdby film frames (still images remember!) running through the projector look convincingly smooth enough to represent real movement.
FRAME RATE
- Motion
How many frames per second do programmes made for TV typically run at?
25 (UK / EUROPE) - 30 (USA) (n.b. – approx.)
Motion Pictures
Photographs filmed and projected at
24/25 still frames per second, creating
the illusion of motion / ‘life’.
Subject(s) MOVE within the frame.
The frame itself may MOVE.
The French call a tracking shot ‘un travelling’.
What is a developing shot?
In adeveloping shot, the camera explores the scene as it moves on from one subject to another, or from one viewpoint to the next. It presents a smooth-flowing sequence of pictures, which build up an illusion of space and direction in the audience’s mind.
Developing shot examples…
- To establish location– As the camera searches, it slowly reveals exactlywherewe are; e.g. panning past a series of items in glass cases, to establish that the scene of the action is a museum.
- Realization– The camera gradually introduces us to asituation; e.g. we see that the rising tide has cut off the travelers’ escape.
What is a Jump Cut?
An abrupt transition from one scene to another
How to cross the line acceptablyand breaking the 180° rule
Cross the line ON SCREEN- i.e. During the shot by movingthe camera (tracking).
Crossing the line becomes much more acceptable (less apparent) during a change from wide to close e.g. transition from WS / LS to MS / MCU / CU
The 180° rule
or ‘crossing the line’
If you ignore the 180° rule and crossing the line, you RISK:
Creating spatial confusion for the viewer -
e.g. - in relation to establishing where characters are positioned in an interior or exterior location and in what direction they are looking at any given time. More characters… more complicated.
Creating lack of visual cohesion and breaking the momentum and flow in action sequences – e.g. - where characters appear to reverse direction of travel during pursuit scenes.
Reverse Angles
Ashotthat views the action from the opposite side of the previousshot, as during a conversation between two actors, giving the effect of looking from one actor to the other.
Procedure for focusing
Zoom all the way in – focus on the eyes- focus the camera- then pull back to the shot you are using.
How do we determine colour temperature?
There are three basic approaches you can take to white balance:
1) you may leave your camera on Auto WB and let the electronic brain inside your camera evaluate the scene and then try to figure out the best white balance to use,
2) you can observe/estimate the color cast and dial a pre-set WB based on the lighting conditions (sunny, cloudy, shade, fluorescent, etc.), or
3) you can set the WB by manually setting the Kelvin temperature to a neutral (white or gray) point in the scene or on a dedicated “gray card.”
