LAST EXAM OF HELL Flashcards
True or False: Gliomas are composed of nerve cells that retain the ability to multiply.
False
What is the primary cause of a contrecoup injury?
Blunt trauma
If a patient is suspected of having meningitis, which of the following statements is true?
They have increased sensitivity to their surroundings
They have paralysis of their lower limbs
Their cognition will be uncompromised
They have inflammation of the layers surrounding their CNS
They have inflammation of the layers surrounding their CNS
What can occur to a patient who has had a brain infarct?
ischemic stroke
Which of the following best describes a concussion?
An injury occurring when the brain impacts the skull forcefully
Which term refers to dilatation of the ventricular system usually associated with increased intracranial pressure?
Hydrocephalus
define heterogenous
Consisting of elements that are not the same throughout
define isodense
The same density as surrounding tissue
define hypodense
Less dense than surrounding tissue
define hyperdense
More dense than surrounding tissue
what’s the HU for fat
-30 to -70
whats the HU for blood
+65 to +95
whats the HU units for water
0
whats the HU units for bone
+1000
What imaging characteristic may be revealed on a CT scan of a patient with confirmed severe meningitis?
Brain swelling
What is the likely cause of an ischemic stroke?
Blockage of brain vessel
Which disease might cause the patient to shake, but will likely show no change to the brain on a CT exam from the normal aging process?
Parkinson’s disease
what is a contrecoup refer to
Blunt trauma showing an effect of the opposite side of the head
It is a French word for counterblow
define concussion
Traumatic brain injury, often widespread
May cause physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms and problems, both short-term and long-term
what may a contusion refer to
Limited area of damage, but often damage is severe
Bruising of the brain, generally localized
Which brain condition refers to a benign tumor that arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura?
Meningioma
How long do focal deficits for a transient ischemic attack (TIA) last before completely resolving?
Less than 24 hours
Which statement regarding meningitis is FALSE?
CT is needed to determine the cause of meningitis
Which statement regarding meningitis is FALSE?
CT is needed to determine the cause of meningitis
Which disease or condition is often treated with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt?
Hydrocephalus
Which disease or condition refers to a diffuse form of progressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age than the senile period?
Alzheimer’s disease
Which disease or condition might cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other via corpus callosum or other white matter?
Glioma
Which disease or condition is demonstrated on a CT image as a rounded, sharply delineated, hyperdense or isodense tumor abutting a dural surface which may contain calcification?
Meningioma
Which disease or condition is strongly associated with treatment (surgery) for spina bifida?
Hydrocephaly
intraventricular hemorrhage
Presence of blood in or around the ventricles
cranial or intracranial hemorrhage
Collection of blood in the head/ brain
subdural hematoma
Venous bleeding most commonly from ruptured veins between the dura mater and other meninges
epidural hematoma
Arterial brain bleed usually caused by laceration of the medial meningeal artery or its branches
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Traumatic injury to surface veins, cerebral parenchyma, or cortical arteries
Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Traumatic hemorrhage into the brain parenchyma resulting from shearing forces to intraparenchymal arteries usually at the junction of the gray and white matter
Which neurologic pathology radiographically demonstrates cerebral atrophy with enlarged ventricles and prominent cortical sulci?
Alzheimer’s disease
Which term refers to any process that is caused by an abnormality of the blood vessels or blood supply to the brain?
Aneurysm
Cerebrovascular disease
Vascular incident
Vascular accident
Cerebrovascular disease
Which type of stroke is more common?
Ischemic stroke
How does blood in the brain show in an unenhanced head CT?
Hyperdense
How does blood in the brain that has broken down 2-4 weeks after injury appear on an unenhanced CT image?
Isodense
What might hypodensity within a subdural hematoma signify?
Rapid bleeding and unclotted blood
What might be suspected if the patient’s unenhanced head CT shows multiple lesions of various sizes, that can be hyperdense, hypodense, or isodense?
Metastases
Which statement regarding transient ischemic attacks is FALSE?
Warning sign for increased risk of stroke
Temporary interruption of blood flow to brain
Produced by small emboli or stenosis, often from jugular vein in the neck
Symptoms are similar to an ischemic stroke, but temporary only
Doppler US of the neck is used for diagnosis
Produced by small emboli or stenosis, often from jugular vein in the neck
Produced by small emboli or stenosis, often from jugular vein in the neck
Image shows mass effect
What is the likely cause of a hemorrhagic stroke?
Burst aneurysm
what is the preferred treatment for a Hemorrhagic stroke
Clip and /or burr hole
what is the preferred treatment for an TIA
Aspirin
what is the preferred treatment for an ischemic stroke
Fibrinolytic / thrombolytic drug
T or F
An important reason for performing head CT as soon as possible after a patient shows stroke-like symptoms is to differentiate an ischemic from a hemorrhagic stroke so the correct treatment can be given to the patient in a timely manner.
What does FAST refer to in terms of a stroke?
Facial drooping, Arms not lifting same amount, Speech slurred, Time to call 911
Which should be performed first if a brain bleed is suspected?
Non-contrast head CT
What is an appropriate technologist response if a patient’s head imaging shows a new brain bleed?
Talk quietly to the patient
Inform the radiologist immediately
Put the patient in a prone position immediately
Perform a contrast-enhanced CT exam immediately
Allow the patient to leave but get their contact number
Inform the radiologist immediately
What is another name for hyperthyroidism, when the entire thyroid gland is affected?
Graves disease
what Speeds up metabolism, causes
Excessive hormone production and shows shows diffuse gland enlargement with increased iodine uptake
Hyperthyroidism
what pathology slows down metabolism, can be caused by pituitary adenoma, and is characterized by a reduction of hormone production
Hypothyroidism
Which pathology might be caused by excessive radiation treatment to the chest?
Hypothyroidism
Which statement regarding Cushing’s disease is FALSE?
Results from an excess of thyroid hormone
Which condition is NOT caused by a benign pituitary tumor?
Hyperthyroidism
Which disease or condition is caused by the decrease of the red blood cells to carry oxygen?
Anemia
Which statement regarding a pituitary tumor is true?
Make up about 25% of intracranial tumors
Usually fast growing and malignant
Often a pituitary adenoma, starting in the posterior lobe
Affects the secretion of hormones
Affects the secretion of hormones
Which statement regarding leukemia is FALSE?
All types affect some type of white blood cells
It can be chronic or acute
It might require protective (reverse) isolation for the patient
It is cancer of the blood forming tissues
It can cause excess blood clotting
Correct Answer
It can cause excess blood clotting
Which type of leukemia causes an increased number of granulocytes, and a decreased numbers of circulating RBC & platelets?
Myelocytic leukemia
characteristics of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
-More aggressive
-Lower survival rates
- More common
-Starts in lymphoid tissues of parenchymal organs
-body, neck, chest, armpits, groin, abdomen
characteristics of hodgkin’s lymphoma
-Less common
-Higher survival rates
-Less aggressive
-Seen in upper body lymph nodes, neck, chest, armpits
-Starts in lymph nodes
Which statement regarding the imaging appearance of lymphoma is FALSE?
Which statement regarding the imaging appearance of lymphoma is FALSE?
