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2240 > LAST EXAM OF HELL > Flashcards

LAST EXAM OF HELL Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Gliomas are composed of nerve cells that retain the ability to multiply.

A

False

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2
Q

What is the primary cause of a contrecoup injury?

A

Blunt trauma

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3
Q

If a patient is suspected of having meningitis, which of the following statements is true?
They have increased sensitivity to their surroundings

They have paralysis of their lower limbs

Their cognition will be uncompromised

They have inflammation of the layers surrounding their CNS

A

They have inflammation of the layers surrounding their CNS

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4
Q

What can occur to a patient who has had a brain infarct?

A

ischemic stroke

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5
Q

Which of the following best describes a concussion?

A

An injury occurring when the brain impacts the skull forcefully

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6
Q

Which term refers to dilatation of the ventricular system usually associated with increased intracranial pressure?

A

Hydrocephalus

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7
Q

define heterogenous

A

Consisting of elements that are not the same throughout

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8
Q

define isodense

A

The same density as surrounding tissue

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9
Q

define hypodense

A

Less dense than surrounding tissue

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10
Q

define hyperdense

A

More dense than surrounding tissue

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11
Q

what’s the HU for fat

A

-30 to -70

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12
Q

whats the HU for blood

A

+65 to +95

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13
Q

whats the HU units for water

A

0

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14
Q

whats the HU units for bone

A

+1000

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15
Q

What imaging characteristic may be revealed on a CT scan of a patient with confirmed severe meningitis?

A

Brain swelling

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16
Q

What is the likely cause of an ischemic stroke?

A

Blockage of brain vessel

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17
Q

Which disease might cause the patient to shake, but will likely show no change to the brain on a CT exam from the normal aging process?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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18
Q

what is a contrecoup refer to

A

Blunt trauma showing an effect of the opposite side of the head
It is a French word for counterblow

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19
Q

define concussion

A

Traumatic brain injury, often widespread
May cause physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms and problems, both short-term and long-term

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20
Q

what may a contusion refer to

A

Limited area of damage, but often damage is severe

Bruising of the brain, generally localized

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21
Q

Which brain condition refers to a benign tumor that arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura?

A

Meningioma

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22
Q

How long do focal deficits for a transient ischemic attack (TIA) last before completely resolving?

A

Less than 24 hours

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23
Q

Which statement regarding meningitis is FALSE?

A

CT is needed to determine the cause of meningitis

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24
Q

Which statement regarding meningitis is FALSE?

A

CT is needed to determine the cause of meningitis

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25
Q

Which disease or condition is often treated with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt?

A

Hydrocephalus

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26
Q

Which disease or condition refers to a diffuse form of progressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age than the senile period?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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27
Q

Which disease or condition might cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other via corpus callosum or other white matter?

A

Glioma

28
Q

Which disease or condition is demonstrated on a CT image as a rounded, sharply delineated, hyperdense or isodense tumor abutting a dural surface which may contain calcification?

A

Meningioma

29
Q

Which disease or condition is strongly associated with treatment (surgery) for spina bifida?

A

Hydrocephaly

30
Q

intraventricular hemorrhage

A

Presence of blood in or around the ventricles

31
Q

cranial or intracranial hemorrhage

A

Collection of blood in the head/ brain

32
Q

subdural hematoma

A

Venous bleeding most commonly from ruptured veins between the dura mater and other meninges

33
Q

epidural hematoma

A

Arterial brain bleed usually caused by laceration of the medial meningeal artery or its branches

34
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Traumatic injury to surface veins, cerebral parenchyma, or cortical arteries

35
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage

A
  1. Traumatic hemorrhage into the brain parenchyma resulting from shearing forces to intraparenchymal arteries usually at the junction of the gray and white matter
36
Q

Which neurologic pathology radiographically demonstrates cerebral atrophy with enlarged ventricles and prominent cortical sulci?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

37
Q

Which term refers to any process that is caused by an abnormality of the blood vessels or blood supply to the brain?

Aneurysm

Cerebrovascular disease

Vascular incident

Vascular accident

A

Cerebrovascular disease

38
Q

Which type of stroke is more common?

A

Ischemic stroke

39
Q

How does blood in the brain show in an unenhanced head CT?

A

Hyperdense

40
Q

How does blood in the brain that has broken down 2-4 weeks after injury appear on an unenhanced CT image?

A

Isodense

41
Q

What might hypodensity within a subdural hematoma signify?

A

Rapid bleeding and unclotted blood

42
Q

What might be suspected if the patient’s unenhanced head CT shows multiple lesions of various sizes, that can be hyperdense, hypodense, or isodense?

A

Metastases

43
Q

Which statement regarding transient ischemic attacks is FALSE?

Warning sign for increased risk of stroke

Temporary interruption of blood flow to brain

Produced by small emboli or stenosis, often from jugular vein in the neck

Symptoms are similar to an ischemic stroke, but temporary only

Doppler US of the neck is used for diagnosis

A

Produced by small emboli or stenosis, often from jugular vein in the neck

44
Q

Produced by small emboli or stenosis, often from jugular vein in the neck

A

Image shows mass effect

45
Q

What is the likely cause of a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Burst aneurysm

46
Q

what is the preferred treatment for a Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Clip and /or burr hole

47
Q

what is the preferred treatment for an TIA

A

Aspirin

48
Q

what is the preferred treatment for an ischemic stroke

A

Fibrinolytic / thrombolytic drug

49
Q

T or F

A

An important reason for performing head CT as soon as possible after a patient shows stroke-like symptoms is to differentiate an ischemic from a hemorrhagic stroke so the correct treatment can be given to the patient in a timely manner.

50
Q

What does FAST refer to in terms of a stroke?

A

Facial drooping, Arms not lifting same amount, Speech slurred, Time to call 911

51
Q

Which should be performed first if a brain bleed is suspected?

A

Non-contrast head CT

52
Q

What is an appropriate technologist response if a patient’s head imaging shows a new brain bleed?

Talk quietly to the patient

Inform the radiologist immediately

Put the patient in a prone position immediately

Perform a contrast-enhanced CT exam immediately

Allow the patient to leave but get their contact number

A

Inform the radiologist immediately

53
Q

What is another name for hyperthyroidism, when the entire thyroid gland is affected?

A

Graves disease

54
Q

what Speeds up metabolism, causes
Excessive hormone production and shows shows diffuse gland enlargement with increased iodine uptake

A

Hyperthyroidism

55
Q

what pathology slows down metabolism, can be caused by pituitary adenoma, and is characterized by a reduction of hormone production

A

Hypothyroidism

56
Q

Which pathology might be caused by excessive radiation treatment to the chest?

A

Hypothyroidism

57
Q

Which statement regarding Cushing’s disease is FALSE?

A

Results from an excess of thyroid hormone

58
Q

Which condition is NOT caused by a benign pituitary tumor?

A

Hyperthyroidism

59
Q

Which disease or condition is caused by the decrease of the red blood cells to carry oxygen?

A

Anemia

60
Q

Which statement regarding a pituitary tumor is true?

Make up about 25% of intracranial tumors

Usually fast growing and malignant

Often a pituitary adenoma, starting in the posterior lobe

Affects the secretion of hormones

A

Affects the secretion of hormones

61
Q

Which statement regarding leukemia is FALSE?

All types affect some type of white blood cells

It can be chronic or acute

It might require protective (reverse) isolation for the patient

It is cancer of the blood forming tissues

It can cause excess blood clotting

A

Correct Answer
It can cause excess blood clotting

62
Q

Which type of leukemia causes an increased number of granulocytes, and a decreased numbers of circulating RBC & platelets?

A

Myelocytic leukemia

63
Q

characteristics of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

-More aggressive
-Lower survival rates
- More common
-Starts in lymphoid tissues of parenchymal organs
-body, neck, chest, armpits, groin, abdomen

64
Q

characteristics of hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

-Less common
-Higher survival rates
-Less aggressive
-Seen in upper body lymph nodes, neck, chest, armpits
-Starts in lymph nodes

65
Q

Which statement regarding the imaging appearance of lymphoma is FALSE?

A

Which statement regarding the imaging appearance of lymphoma is FALSE?

2240 (3 decks)

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