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Stats > LAST EXAM (FINALLY) > Flashcards

LAST EXAM (FINALLY) Flashcards

1
Q

Process of selecting a subset of population to make inferences about population

A

Sampling

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2
Q

Data values gathered from population

A

Parameter

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3
Q

Data values gathered from sample

A

Statistic

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4
Q

Most common data gathering methods.
Consisting of set of data questions used for collecting and recording data

A

Survey

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5
Q

All units has equal chance to be taken as sample.
Sample being obtained that it will represent the entire population

A

Probability sampling

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6
Q

Population is homogeneous and all units are given EQUAL CHANCES to be SELECTED as sample

A

Simple Random sampling

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7
Q

Used when population is heterogeneous and quite large

A

Stratified random sampling

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8
Q

Population is divided into “strata”

Random sample of units will be selected from different stratum

A

Stratified random sampling

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9
Q

Commonly used when objective is to compare groups

A

Stratified random sampling

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10
Q

Type of sampling being done by SELECTING EVERY Kth TERM.

A

Systematic random sampling

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11
Q

Formula is K = N/n

K= sampling interval
N= population
n= sample size

A

Systematic random sampling

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12
Q

Population is divided into cluster along geographic boundaries

A

Cluster random sampling

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13
Q

Selecting simple random sample of cluster for which ALL UNITS IN SELECTED CLUSTER WILL BE CONSIDERED

A

Cluster random sampling

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14
Q

Not all units will be given chance to be selected

A

Non-probability sampling

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15
Q

Selects sample basee on subjective judgment of researchers

A

Non-probability sampling

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16
Q

Also known as ACCIDENTAL OR GRAB SAMPLING

A

Convenience sampling

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17
Q

Selecting sample from population THAT ARE EASY TO REACH

A

Convenience sampling

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18
Q

Selection of respondents is based on the purpose or objective of study

A

Purposive sampling

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19
Q

Samples are selected BASED ON PRE DETERMINED CRITERIA SET BY RESEARCHER

A

Purposive sampling

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20
Q

Interested in the typicality of units

A

Model instance sampling

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21
Q

Based on the researchers judgment, it is also called as judgment sampling

A

Quota sampling

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22
Q

Samples should be drawn from experts from the chosen field

A

Expert sampling

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23
Q

Diversity are maximum variation
Wide range of respondents

A

Heterogeneity sampling

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24
Q

Recruiting acquaintances who meet criteria, also known as referral sampling

A

Snowball sampling

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25
Q

To find sample size when the population and margin of error is given

A

Slovin’s formula

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26
Q

Population is known to be large, but specific value is unknown

A

Cochran’s formula

27
Q

N -1

A

Degree of freedom

28
Q

Entirety
Large group of elements having one common feature

A

Population

29
Q

Part of a whole or subset

A

Sample

30
Q

Order does not matter

A

Combination

31
Q

Order matters

A

Permutation

32
Q

Combination formula

A

cNr = N! / r! (n-r)!

Or

c( N, n) = N! / (N-n)! n!

33
Q

You used to compare sample mean and population
Sample size should be greater than 30

A

Z test

34
Q

Sample size is less than 30

A

T test

35
Q

We can get the critical value by first solving for the degree of freedom, which is population minus one denoted as N - 1

A

T test

36
Q

Statement or theory that may or may not be true

A

Hypothesis

37
Q

Statement about unknown parameter to be broken

A

Hypothesis

38
Q

Two types of hypothesis

A

Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis

39
Q

The symbols for this hypothesis: are equal (=), greater than or equal to (≥), and less than or equal to (≤)

It has no difference
purpose of being rejected

A

Null hypothesis

40
Q

Contradicts null hypothesis
Symbols used are greater than (>), less than (<) and not equal (≠)

A

Alternative hypothesis

41
Q

How are you will check the validity of hypothesis

Procedure based on sample evidence, and probability theory

A

Hypothesis testing

42
Q

Null hypothesis is rejected when it’s true

A

Type one error

43
Q

Probability of committing type one error

A

Alpha a

44
Q

Null hypothesis is accepted when it’s false

A

Type two error

45
Q

Probability of committing type two error

A

Beta

46
Q

Also known as Alpha
It is also margin of error
This cannot be zero

A

Level of significance

47
Q

Commonly used level of significance

A

0.01
0.05
0.10

48
Q

It is not equal and non-directional

A

Two tail test

49
Q

Greater than > and less than <
it is directional

A

One tail test

50
Q

Supports the hypothesis and it is located in the middle of the bell shape graph

A

Acceptance region

51
Q

It’s support alternative hypothesis and it is located in the shaded region

A

Critical or rejection reg

52
Q

Measurable characteristics or attributes of a particular individual or situation being studied

A

Variables

53
Q

Contains one variable

A

Univariate data

54
Q

Contains one variable

A

Univariate data

55
Q

Contains two variables

A

Bivariate data

56
Q

Contains two or more variables

A

Multivariate data

57
Q

Procedure of describing the relationship between two variables it is described by the scatterplot

A

Correlation analysis

58
Q

Graphical representation of relation of two variables

A

Scatterplot

59
Q

Can be positive negative or zero

A

Correlation according to direction

60
Q

Can be perfect, very high, high, low , negligible or zero

A

Correlation according to strength

61
Q

Both variables are high or low

A

Positive correlation

62
Q

When variable is high and the other variable is low

A

Negative correlation

63
Q

T value is greater than critical value

A

Significant

64
Q

T value is less than critical value

A

Not significant

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