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Exam Flashcards

1
Q

branch of Mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

A

Statistics

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2
Q

provides techniques to analyze whether or not the given data is significant.

A

Statistics

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3
Q

science that studies data and used data to find an answer or solution to a problem

A

Statistics

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4
Q

statistics is derived from the latin word ___ which means ____

A

Latin: status
Meaning: state or government

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5
Q

The government conducted census for?

A

Military or taxation purposes

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6
Q

Father of Statistics

A

Ronald aylmer fisher

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7
Q

British Statistician and Geneticist

A

Ronald Alymer Fisher

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8
Q

“The greatest of Darwin’s successor”

A

Ronald alymer fisher

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9
Q

He created the foundations of modern statistical science.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

A

Roland alymer fisher

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10
Q

To answer statistical questions in a way that maximizes information content and minimizes bias.

A

Planning and collection of data

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11
Q

Verifying the quality of data after they were collected.

A

Analysis of data

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12
Q

Summarizing the information extracted from the data.

A

Interpretation of data

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13
Q

Examining the summary statistics so that meaningful information can be produced to support decision-making.

A

Presentation of data

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14
Q

branch of mathematics that studies patterns of chances.

A

Probability

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15
Q

about planning experiments and comparing the number of possible outcomes to the number of outcomes you want.

A

Probability

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16
Q

way of expressing knowledge or belief that an event will occur on chance.

A

Probability

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17
Q

Probability is derived from the latin word ___ meaning ____

A

Probabilis = provable or credible

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18
Q

originated in the study of gambling and insurance in the 17th century

A

Probability

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19
Q

Father of Probability

A

Girolamo cardano

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20
Q

Italian statician

A

Girolamo cardano

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21
Q

wrote a book entitled “Liber de Ludo Aleae”.

A

Girolamo cardano

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22
Q

French Mathematician and
Lawyer

A

Pierre de fermat

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23
Q

inspired by Game of chance

A

Pierre de fermat

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24
Q

Give his answers in terms of the chances

A

Pierre de fermat

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25
Q

A french mathematician.

Gave his answer in terms of quantity or “expectations”

A

Blaise pascal

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26
Q

His work became the standard in solving problems of chance in the 17th century

A

Blaise pascal

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27
Q

WHY DO STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
STUDY TOGETHER?

A
  1. Statistical application are based on probability statements
  2. Statistics report the probability that similar results would occur if you repeated the experiment.
  3. Nothing is “proved” with statistics unless it is done through probability.
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28
Q

What are the statistical processes

A

Planning & collection of data
Analysis of data
Interpretation of data
Presentation of data

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29
Q

An activity which can be done repeatedly

A

Experiment

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30
Q

Set of all possible outcomes

A

Sample space

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31
Q

Subset of sample space

A

Event

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32
Q

Elements in a sample space

A

Sample point

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33
Q

Ratio of number of favorable outcomes to number of possible outcomes

A

Probability

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34
Q

Data values are in numbers and describes quantity

A

Numerical variable

35
Q

Data values are usually in words and describes qualities

A

Categorical variable

36
Q

Types of data in qualitative/categorical

A

Nominal and ordinal

37
Q

Types if data in quantitative/ numerical

A

Discrete and continuous

38
Q

2 classifications of random variables

A

Discrete random variables & continuous random variables

39
Q

Variable obtained by counting; countable number of values

A

Discrete random variables

40
Q

Variable whose value is obtained by measuring; infinite number

A

Continuous random variables

41
Q

Variable whose value is determined by the outcome of a random experiment

A

Random or chance variable

42
Q

Listin all possible values and corresponding probabilities

A

Probability distribution

43
Q

Bar graph that display the possible values of discrete random variable on the horizontal axis

A

Probability histogram

44
Q

Tells about eandom variable we expect to get if experiment is done repeatedly

A

Mean

45
Q

Tells how far or close data are from each other

A

Variance

46
Q

Indicates how far, on average, is an observed value of random variable from its mean

A

Standard deviation

47
Q

Probability is 0 to 1

A

True

48
Q

If event cannot happen, it is 0

A

True

49
Q

Developed by kart friedrich gauss

A

Normal distribution/ standard normal distribution

50
Q

Graph of normal distribution

A

Normal curve

51
Q

What is the area under the curve

A

1

52
Q

What is the shape of the curve

A

Bell-shaped curve

53
Q

Mean, median, and mode is always equal

A

Truee

54
Q

Curve does not touch the x-axis on bothies

A

Asymptotic

55
Q

Normal curve is described by 2 population

A

μ- mean
σ - standard deviation

56
Q

Z score is a standard deviation

A

True

57
Q

Population data formula

A

Z= X - μ / σ

58
Q

Sample data formula

A

Z= X - x̄ / s

x= specific measurement

x̄= mean

59
Q

How many lines of symmetry are there under the curve

A

3

60
Q

How many standard deviation units can be found at the horizontal base of normal curve

A

6

61
Q

A standard deviation value

A

Z score

62
Q

What is the practical use for z score

A

Making comparison statements

63
Q

How may the z score be calculated

A

Dividing difference of specific measurement and mean to standard deviation

64
Q

What does the curve of distribution represent

A

Represents data in a score distribution

65
Q

Mean of standard probability distribution splits distribution into 2 halves

A

True

66
Q

Areas at tails of normal curve are large values

A

True

67
Q

Area under curve may he stated as proportion or probability or percentage

A

True

68
Q

Process of selecting a subset of the population

A

Sampling

69
Q

Data values gathered from population

A

Parameter

70
Q

Data values gathered from sample

A

Statistic

71
Q

Most fommon data gathering method

A

Survey

72
Q

Units in population has a chance to be taken as sample

A

Probability sampling

73
Q

Given equal chances to be selected

A

Simple random sampling

74
Q

Used when population is heterogeneous and quite large

A

Stratified random sampling

75
Q

Sampling is being done by selecting every kth term in the complete list

A

Systematic random sampling

76
Q

Population is divided into cluster along geographic boundaries

A

Cluster random sampling

77
Q

Not all units in the population will be given chances

A

Non-probability sampling

78
Q

Selecting sample from population that are easy to reach

A

Convenience sampling

79
Q

Based on the purpose or objective of the study

A

Purposive sampling

80
Q

Utilized when researcher is interested typically of units of population

A

Modal instance sampling

81
Q

Based on researchers judgment

A

Quota sampling

82
Q

Sample shoild be drawn from experts in the chosen topic

A

Expert sampling

83
Q

Known as sampling for diversity or maximum variation

A

Heterogeneity sampling

84
Q

Selected by recruiting acquaintances eho mert the criteria

A

Snowball sampling

Stats (2 decks)

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