Last Chance

Question 1

When using reduced RWY seps, certain criteria apply… what are these criteria

Answer 1

• Daylight operations only
• Visibility is 5 km or greater and conditions do not prevent the pilot from making an early assessment of conditions on the runway
• Braking action is unlikely to be adversely affected by runway contaminants
• Specified longitudinal distances are able to be readily determined by the aerodrome controller by reference to prominent markers or features
• Pertinent traffic information that will enable the following aircraft to sight the preceding aircraft is issued
• It is considered by the aerodrome controller there is no risk of collision

Question 2

What is the standard runway separation here?

Answer 2

Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when the preceding departing aircraft A has started a turn, or has crossed the end of the runway-in-use.

Question 3

What is the reduced take-off vs take-off runway separation here?

Answer 3

Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when the following conditions exist:
• By day or night, if the runway is longer than 1800m, a preceding departing aircraft A is airborne and has reached a point at least 1800 m ahead of aircraft B.

Question 4

What is the reduced take-off vs take-off runway separation here?

Answer 4

Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when:
Both aircraft have a MCTOW of 7000 kg or less, and a preceding departing aircraft A is airborne and has reached a point at least 1000m ahead of aircraft B.

Question 5

What is the reduced take-off vs take-off runway separation here?

Answer 5

Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off provided that both aircraft have an MCTOW of 2300 kg or less, and a preceding aircraft A is airborne and has reached a point at least 600 m ahead of aircraft B.

Question 6

What is the take-off vs landing runway separation here?

Answer 6

Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when the preceding landing aircraft A is clear of the runway

Question 7

What is the landing vs landing runway separation here?

Answer 7

Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land when aircraft A is clear of the runway

Question 8

What is the reduced landing vs landing separation here?

Answer 8

Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land when Aircraft A has landed and is still occupying the runway, and Both aircraft have a MCTOW of 7000 kg or less, and aircraft A has commenced a turn to vacate the runway without stopping or backtracking.

Question 9

What is the reduced landing vs landing separation here?

Answer 9

Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land while aircraft A is still occupying the runway, and both aircraft are 2300 kg or less, and aircraft A will vacate the runway without backtracking.

Question 10

What is the landing vs take-off runway separation here?

Answer 10

Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land when a departing aircraft A has started a turn or crossed the other end of the runway-in-use.

Question 11

What is the reduced landing vs take-off runway separation here?

Answer 11

Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the threshold to land prior to aircraft A crossing the other end of the runway-in-use or starting a turn provided that aircraft A is airborne, and past the point on the runway at which aircraft B could be expected to have completed a landing roll.

Question 12

What is the reduced landing vs take-off runway separation here?

Answer 12

Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the threshold to land when both aircraft are 2300 kg MCTOW or less, and aircraft A is accelerating and past the point on the runway which aircraft B could be expected to have completed a normal landing roll, and that point being a minimum of 600 metres from the landing threshold.

Question 13

When can aircraft A be cleared for take off

Answer 13

Aircraft B taking off on a crossing runway has crossed and is clear of the intersection

Aircraft C landing on a crossing runway has crossed and is clear of the intersection

Aircraft D that has landed on a crossing runway has stopped short of and is clear of the intersection.

Question 14

Elements of traffic information

(RAC 10-4)

Answer 14

The word “Traffic”

• Direction of flight, or nature of operation
• Aircraft type
• Level (if known)
• Positional information

Question 15

Regarding traffic information what are the four ways the position information can be described when passing traffic to another aircraft

Answer 15

1. Present position and/or track
2. Relative bearing and distance
3. ETO at an appropriate reporting point
4. ETP

Question 16

What shall level instructions to VFR flights contain

(RAC 3-29)

Answer 16

1. Maximum altitude followed by “OR BELOW”
2. Minimum altitude followed by “OR ABOVE”
3. Maintain flight “AT” a specific level, that level followed by the phrase “VFR”
4. Where required to maintain flight between two specific levels, “BETWEEN” those levels followed by the phrase “VFR”

Question 17

List the information that a pilot is required to readback in full

Answer 17

1. ATC Route clearances
   2 .Clearances and instructions (including conditional clearances) to operate on the manoeuvring area at a controlled aerodrome including:
2. Clearances to land on or take-off from any runway;
3. Clearances to enter, cross, taxi on, or backtrack on any runway
4. Instructions to remain on or hold clear of any runway;
5. Taxi instructions including a taxi route and holding position where specified
6. Runway-in-use
7. Altimeter settings
8. SSR codes
9. Level instructions
10. Heading and speed instructions
11. Frequency, after frequency change instructions

Question 18

What are the Wake Turbulence Categories

Answer 18

S - SUPER = A388

H - Heavy = A/C types of 136,000kg or more except A388

M - Medium = A/C types less than 136,000kg but more than 7000kg

L - Light = A/C types of 7000kg or less

Question 19

What is the wake turbulence separation between H and M from same/intermediate take off position?

Answer 19

Same - 2 minutes

Intermediate - 3 minutes

Question 20

What is the wake turbulence separation between M and L from same/intermediate take off position?

Answer 20

Same - 2 minutes

Intermediate - 3 minutes

Question 21

What is the wake turbulence separation between H and L from same/intermediate take off position?

Answer 21

Same - 2 minutes

intermediate - 3 minutes

Question 22

What is the wake turbulence separation between S and M or L from same/intermediate take off position?

Answer 22

Same - 3 minutes

Intermediate - 4 minutes

Question 23

What is the wake turbulence separation between arriving and departing flights on an opposite direction runway operation?

(Between H and M/L or M and L)

Answer 23

2 minutes, if the projected flight paths are expected to cross or there is a possibility of wake turbulence affecting the second aircraft and the aircraft are operating from an opposite direction on the same runway or opposite direction parallel runways separated by less than 760m

Question 24

What’s involved when you want to change the RWY in use?

Answer 24

The aerodrome controller shall coordinate the selection and timing of runway changes with the approach controller

Question 25

What are the factors deciding selection of the runway in use?

(RAC 4-2)

Answer 25

• Aerodrome traffic circuits
• Available runway length
• Position of the sun
• Approach and Landing aids available
• Potential noise nuisance and noise abatement procedures

Question 26

What is the phraseology regarding warning of wake turbulence

Answer 26

“Caution WAKE TURBULENCE”

Question 27

Where is the initials point for an aircraft on a Buzz and Break?

Answer 27

between 3nm and 4 nm from the RWY threshold

200m offset from the extended centerline to the non-traffic side of the runway.

Not less than 500ft above circuit height

Question 28

When should an initials call be made?

Answer 28

An “initials” call must be made when approaching the initials point specifying joining left/right/straight, relative to the centerline.

Question 29

For a buzz and break, where is the turn onto the downwind made?

Answer 29

From initials, the aircraft must be flown parallel to the extended centerline, 200m on the non-traffic side, to a point where a safe and expeditious turn into the normal traffic circuit can be made

The pilot is responsible for sequencing into the traffic pattern as instructed by ATC

The turn onto the downwind position may be either level at circuit altitude, or climbing up to circuit altitude.

Question 30

What altitude should the break be commenced?

Answer 30

The standard break is level at circuit altitude. If the pilot intends to conduct either a low break or join other than a normal circuit, they shall advise their intentions on first contact with ATC on the aerodrome frequency

Question 31

What are the joining instruction phraseologies?

Answer 31

CALLSIGN

JOIN (direction of circuit and position to enter)

MAKE STRAIGHT IN APPROACH

CROSS OVERHEAD (level instructions), JOIN ((direction of circuit and position to enter)

MAKE STANDARD OVERHEAD JOIN (level instructions) LEFT/RIGHT TRAFFIC CIRCUIT

RUNWAY (number) or GRASS (number)

Question 32

List the (5) phraseologies instructions to sequence, adjust or delay an approach:

Answer 32

• “Climb straight ahead”
• “Orbit (left/right)
• “Make short approach”
• “Extend downwind”
• “Continue approach”

Question 33

Sequencing of aircraft in the circuit shall be achieved by issuing (6) instructions to aircraft to:

hint - EF – HOEF (**“EFF OFF”**)

Answer 33

• Enter the circuit at a specified position and/or level
• Follow a specified circuit or part circuit
• Hold over a specified position
• Orbit (right or left) from a particular position
• Extend or shorten legs of the circuit
• Follow any other specified manoeuvre, or combination of the above, compatible with safety.

Question 34

What phraseology shall be used to get an aircraft to stop after commencing a take-off run?

Answer 34

“Callsign STOP IMMEDIATELY, (repeat callsign) STOP IMMEDIATELY” followed by the nature of the emergency.