Last Chance Flashcards
When using reduced RWY seps, certain criteria apply… what are these criteria
- Daylight operations only
- Visibility is 5 km or greater and conditions do not prevent the pilot from making an early assessment of conditions on the runway
- Braking action is unlikely to be adversely affected by runway contaminants
- Specified longitudinal distances are able to be readily determined by the aerodrome controller by reference to prominent markers or features
- Pertinent traffic information that will enable the following aircraft to sight the preceding aircraft is issued
- It is considered by the aerodrome controller there is no risk of collision
What is the standard runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when the preceding departing aircraft A has started a turn, or has crossed the end of the runway-in-use.
What is the reduced take-off vs take-off runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when the following conditions exist:
• By day or night, if the runway is longer than 1800m, a preceding departing aircraft A is airborne and has reached a point at least 1800 m ahead of aircraft B.
What is the reduced take-off vs take-off runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when:
Both aircraft have a MCTOW of 7000 kg or less, and a preceding departing aircraft A is airborne and has reached a point at least 1000m ahead of aircraft B.
What is the reduced take-off vs take-off runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off provided that both aircraft have an MCTOW of 2300 kg or less, and a preceding aircraft A is airborne and has reached a point at least 600 m ahead of aircraft B.
What is the take-off vs landing runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be cleared for take-off when the preceding landing aircraft A is clear of the runway
What is the landing vs landing runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land when aircraft A is clear of the runway
What is the reduced landing vs landing separation here?
Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land when Aircraft A has landed and is still occupying the runway, and Both aircraft have a MCTOW of 7000 kg or less, and aircraft A has commenced a turn to vacate the runway without stopping or backtracking.
What is the reduced landing vs landing separation here?
Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land while aircraft A is still occupying the runway, and both aircraft are 2300 kg or less, and aircraft A will vacate the runway without backtracking.
What is the landing vs take-off runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the runway threshold to land when a departing aircraft A has started a turn or crossed the other end of the runway-in-use.
What is the reduced landing vs take-off runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the threshold to land prior to aircraft A crossing the other end of the runway-in-use or starting a turn provided that aircraft A is airborne, and past the point on the runway at which aircraft B could be expected to have completed a landing roll.
What is the reduced landing vs take-off runway separation here?
Aircraft B may be permitted to cross the threshold to land when both aircraft are 2300 kg MCTOW or less, and aircraft A is accelerating and past the point on the runway which aircraft B could be expected to have completed a normal landing roll, and that point being a minimum of 600 metres from the landing threshold.
When can aircraft A be cleared for take off
Aircraft B taking off on a crossing runway has crossed and is clear of the intersection
Aircraft C landing on a crossing runway has crossed and is clear of the intersection
Aircraft D that has landed on a crossing runway has stopped short of and is clear of the intersection.
Elements of traffic information
(RAC 10-4)
The word “Traffic”
- Direction of flight, or nature of operation
- Aircraft type
- Level (if known)
- Positional information
Regarding traffic information what are the four ways the position information can be described when passing traffic to another aircraft
- Present position and/or track
- Relative bearing and distance
- ETO at an appropriate reporting point
- ETP
What shall level instructions to VFR flights contain
(RAC 3-29)
- Maximum altitude followed by “OR BELOW”
- Minimum altitude followed by “OR ABOVE”
- Maintain flight “AT” a specific level, that level followed by the phrase “VFR”
- Where required to maintain flight between two specific levels, “BETWEEN” those levels followed by the phrase “VFR”
List the information that a pilot is required to readback in full
-
ATC Route clearances
2 .Clearances and instructions (including conditional clearances) to operate on the manoeuvring area at a controlled aerodrome including: - Clearances to land on or take-off from any runway;
- Clearances to enter, cross, taxi on, or backtrack on any runway
- Instructions to remain on or hold clear of any runway;
- Taxi instructions including a taxi route and holding position where specified
- Runway-in-use
- Altimeter settings
- SSR codes
- Level instructions
- Heading and speed instructions
- Frequency, after frequency change instructions
What are the Wake Turbulence Categories
S - SUPER = A388
H - Heavy = A/C types of 136,000kg or more except A388
M - Medium = A/C types less than 136,000kg but more than 7000kg
L - Light = A/C types of 7000kg or less
What is the wake turbulence separation between H and M from same/intermediate take off position?
Same - 2 minutes
Intermediate - 3 minutes
What is the wake turbulence separation between M and L from same/intermediate take off position?
Same - 2 minutes
Intermediate - 3 minutes
What is the wake turbulence separation between H and L from same/intermediate take off position?
Same - 2 minutes
intermediate - 3 minutes
What is the wake turbulence separation between S and M or L from same/intermediate take off position?
Same - 3 minutes
Intermediate - 4 minutes
What is the wake turbulence separation between arriving and departing flights on an opposite direction runway operation?
(Between H and M/L or M and L)
2 minutes, if the projected flight paths are expected to cross or there is a possibility of wake turbulence affecting the second aircraft and the aircraft are operating from an opposite direction on the same runway or opposite direction parallel runways separated by less than 760m
What’s involved when you want to change the RWY in use?
The aerodrome controller shall coordinate the selection and timing of runway changes with the approach controller
What are the factors deciding selection of the runway in use?
(RAC 4-2)
- Aerodrome traffic circuits
- Available runway length
- Position of the sun
- Approach and Landing aids available
- Potential noise nuisance and noise abatement procedures
What is the phraseology regarding warning of wake turbulence
“Caution WAKE TURBULENCE”
Where is the initials point for an aircraft on a Buzz and Break?
between 3nm and 4 nm from the RWY threshold
200m offset from the extended centerline to the non-traffic side of the runway.
Not less than 500ft above circuit height
When should an initials call be made?
An “initials” call must be made when approaching the initials point specifying joining left/right/straight, relative to the centerline.
For a buzz and break, where is the turn onto the downwind made?
From initials, the aircraft must be flown parallel to the extended centerline, 200m on the non-traffic side, to a point where a safe and expeditious turn into the normal traffic circuit can be made
The pilot is responsible for sequencing into the traffic pattern as instructed by ATC
The turn onto the downwind position may be either level at circuit altitude, or climbing up to circuit altitude.
What altitude should the break be commenced?
The standard break is level at circuit altitude. If the pilot intends to conduct either a low break or join other than a normal circuit, they shall advise their intentions on first contact with ATC on the aerodrome frequency
What are the joining instruction phraseologies?
CALLSIGN
JOIN (direction of circuit and position to enter)
MAKE STRAIGHT IN APPROACH
CROSS OVERHEAD (level instructions), JOIN ((direction of circuit and position to enter)
MAKE STANDARD OVERHEAD JOIN (level instructions) LEFT/RIGHT TRAFFIC CIRCUIT
RUNWAY (number) or GRASS (number)
List the (5) phraseologies instructions to sequence, adjust or delay an approach:
- “Climb straight ahead”
- “Orbit (left/right)
- “Make short approach”
- “Extend downwind”
- “Continue approach”
Sequencing of aircraft in the circuit shall be achieved by issuing (6) instructions to aircraft to:
hint - EF – HOEF (**“EFF OFF”**)
- Enter the circuit at a specified position and/or level
- Follow a specified circuit or part circuit
- Hold over a specified position
- Orbit (right or left) from a particular position
- Extend or shorten legs of the circuit
- Follow any other specified manoeuvre, or combination of the above, compatible with safety.
What phraseology shall be used to get an aircraft to stop after commencing a take-off run?
“Callsign STOP IMMEDIATELY, (repeat callsign) STOP IMMEDIATELY” followed by the nature of the emergency.
