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R&P 2 > Lasers > Flashcards

Lasers Flashcards

1
Q

What does LASER stand for?

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

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2
Q

Lasers are by definition…

A

Coherent, Monochromatic, and Collimated

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3
Q

Coherent?

A

Synchronized in motion (all in same phase due to same source)

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4
Q

Monochromatic?

A

Single color (due to single wavelength)

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5
Q

Collimated?

A

Travels in a straight line

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6
Q

The distance a photon travels through one oscillation

A

wavelength

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7
Q

Laser light travels in a straight line until it is…

A

absorbed, reflected, or refracted

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8
Q

power density=?

A

watts/cm2

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9
Q

Unit if energy, or ability to do work

A

Joule

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10
Q

Unit of Power, or rate of doing work

A

Watt

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11
Q

1 watt=?

A

1 J/second (1,000mJ/second)

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12
Q

Continuous wave mode

A

The laser is on as long as the foot pedal is pressed. This creates hot and thermal damage

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13
Q

Gated/Chopped Pulse Mode

A

A period of thermal relaxation between pulses. This allows target tissue to warm slowly

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14
Q

Free-running Pulse Mode

A

Extremely short pulses and relatively long thermal relaxation

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15
Q

This mode of laser usually uses water and or air to assist in cooling of tissues?

A

Free-Running Pulse Mode

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16
Q

Zones of laser ablation (from outer to inner)

A

Zone of Denaturation; Zone of Vacuolization; Zone of Carbonization

17
Q

Class 1 lasers

A

Safe from all hazards (CD players)

18
Q

Class 2 Lasers

A

Damage could occur after prolonged exposure (laser pointers)

19
Q

Class 3a lasers

A

(1-5mW) Direct viewing could be hazardous to eyes

20
Q

Class 3b lasers

A

(5-500mW) Direct viewing and reflections can be hazardous

21
Q

Class 4 lasers

A

(>500mW) this is the class we use in dentistry

22
Q

Standards, Organizations, and Regulatory Requirements

A
  • FDA center for devices and radiological health (CDRH)
  • American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  • OSHA
  • State and Local regulatory agencies
23
Q

% reduction in post op pain after using lasers

A

90%

24
Q

Diode Lasers

A

810-980nm
Soft tissue, low level therapy, laser whitening
highly absorbed by pigment

25
Q

Nd:YAG lasers

A

1064nm (near infrared portion of spectrum)
Solid state laser (crystal)
soft tissue only

26
Q

Erbium Lasers

A

Er,Cr:YSGG= 2780nm
Er:YAG=2940nm
mid infrared portion
Water and hydroxyapatite (minimal heat transfer)

27
Q

CO2 lasers

A

10,600nm
Soft tissue and bone
absorbed by pigment, water, and hydroxyapatite

R&P 2 (10 decks)

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