Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2022 Drug Deck > LAs > Flashcards

LAs Flashcards

1
Q

max dose: cocaine

A

3 mg /kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anomalies with cocaine:

A

Heavily liver metabolized
Excreted unchanged by kidneys at higher percentage
Overall longer metabolism than most esters

Vasoconstriction! Unique among LAs

Causes SE of euphoria and increased SNS outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

max dose: procaine

A

7 mg / kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Special notes on procaine:

A

Increased incidence of CNS effects
increased PO-Nausea
Metabolites interfere with sulfa abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

max dose: Tetracaine

A

3 mg /kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Special notes Tetracaine:

A

primarily used in spinal / corneal anesthesia

Very long DOA for ester r/t increased protein binding

Higher risk for TNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

max dose: chloroprocaine

A

12 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

onset of chloroprocaine:

pKa

A

onset: fast
pKa = 8.7

given at higher concentrations 2-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Notes on chloroprocaine:

A

great for OB anesthesia r/t minimal protein binding = rapid metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Max dose: Mepivicane

A

max dose: 4mg/kg or with epi 7mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

notes on Mepivicaine:

A

less vasodilatory than Lido but similar drug

more CNS effects than lido

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Max dose: etidocaine

A

4 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Max dose: lidocaine

A

4 mg/kg or with epi 7 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Notes on lidocaine:

A

spinal use associated with CE

2 active metabolites !

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Max dose: Prilocaine

A

600 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Notes on prilocaine:

A

toxic metabolite: ortho-tuolidine -> r/f metheglobinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Max dose: Bupivicaine

A

2.5 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spinal dose: Bupivicaine

A

15 - 20 mg

19
Q

Notes on bupivicaine:

A

low incidence of CNS effects

VERY CARDIOTOXIC

great at differential blocks

Long duration (95%) protein bound

20
Q

Max Dose: Levobupivicaine

A

Max dose: 2mg/kg

21
Q

Spinal dose: Levobupivicaine:

A

15 - 20 mg

22
Q

Notes levobupivicaine

A

S enantiomer of bupivicane

less of a half life

less cardiotoxic

23
Q

Max dose: Ropivicaine

A

3 mg/kg, 3.5 mg/kg* with epi

24
Q

spinal dose: ROPIVICAINE

A

15 - 20 mg

25
Q

Notes on ropivicaine

A

s enantiomer of bupivicane homolog.

less cardio toxic.

more vasoconstriction

2 active metabolites

*shortest half life of levo/bu/ro

26
Q

mepivicaine has a longer DOA than lido because

A

it has less vasodilatory effects .

27
Q

mepivicaine is structurally similar to

A

bupivicane

28
Q

mepivicaine is clinically similar to

A

lidocaine

29
Q

Spinal concentration, dose, volume, duration for lidocaine,

A

1.5% or 5%
30-100mg
1-2mL
30-90 min

30
Q

spinal concentration, dose, volume, duration for mepivacaine

A

4%
40-80 mg
1-2 mL
30-90 min

31
Q

spinal concentration, dose, volume, duration for tetracaine

A

0.25 - 1 %
5 - 20 mg
1 - 4 mL
90 - 200 min

32
Q

spinal concentration, dose, volume, duration, for bupivacaine

A

0.5%
15-20 mg
3-4 mL
90-200 min

33
Q

spinal concentration, dose, volume, duration, for ropivacaine

A

0.75%
15-20 mg
2-3 mL
90-200 min

34
Q

spinal concentration, dose, volume, duration for levobupivacaine

A

0.75%
15-20 mg
2-3 mL
90-200 min

35
Q

LAs: with active metabolites:

A

ropivicane (2)
lidocaine (2)
prilocaine (1)

36
Q

higher concentration =

A

faster onset b/c more molecules

37
Q

systemic effects are more likely with

A

amides

38
Q

seizures in CNS toxicity are followed by

A

CNS depression

possibly hypotension, apnea

39
Q

population at increased risk of CV collapse with bupivocaine

A

pregnancy
hypoxia
pH abnormalties
CV modulating drugs [propofol, volatile agents]

40
Q

lipid for bupivacaine

A

intralipid 20% 1.5 mL/lg rapid bolus immediately. follow with infusion 0.25 ml/kg/min x 10 minutes

41
Q

drugs implicated in CE

A

lidocaine 5%, tetracaine, chloroprocaine (preservative?)

42
Q

factors that increase the risk of CNS toxicity

A

hypercarbia (increases CBF)
hyperkalemia (increases resting membrane potential)
metabolic acidosis (decreases convulsions threshold and favors ion trapping in the brain)

43
Q

difficulty of CPR with OD

A

bupivacaine > levobupivacaine > ropivacaine > lidocaine

44
Q

site of injection and blood flow:

A

IV > tracheal > intrapleural > intercostal > caudal > epidural > brachial plexus > femoral > sciatic > SubQ

2022 Drug Deck (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions