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(ENT) Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of the larynx

A

respiratory, protective, phonation

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2
Q

lateral rotation of what joint widens the rima glottidis

A

cricoarytenoid

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3
Q

what muscles attach to the cricoarytenoid joints

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

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4
Q

how is the protective function of the larynx carried out

A

glottis closure and the cough reflex

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5
Q

how does phonation occur

A

inspiration increases subglottal pressure, vocal cords vibrate as air passes, the upper respiratory tract modifies vibrations

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6
Q

what dictates the pitch of speech

A

tension/length of vocal cords, degree of opening and shape of rima glottidis

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7
Q

what nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

inferior laryngeal branch of CN X

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8
Q

what is the laryngeal suspended from and by what

A

the hyoid bone by fibrous membranes

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9
Q

what type of cartilage is the laryngeal skeleton composed of

A

mainly hyaline

epiglottis is elastic

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10
Q

what type of mucosa lines the internal larynx

A

respiratory

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11
Q

what are the 3 regions of internal larynx

A

laryngeal vestibule, laryngeal ventricles and infra-glottic region

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12
Q

what is collectively known as the supra-glottic region

A

vestibule and ventricles

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13
Q

what happens to the rima glottidis when the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles contract

A

opens - forced respiration

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14
Q

what happens to the rima glottidis when the arytenoid muscles contract

A

closed for phonation

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15
Q

what happens to the rima glottidis when the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles contract

A

glottis closure with slight opening for whispering

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16
Q

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoids

A

adduct the vocal ligaments via the cricoarytenoid joints

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17
Q

what two structures do the lateral cricoarytenoids attach

A

muscular process of the arytenoid to the anterior cricoid cartilage.

18
Q

what does the arytenoid muscle do

A

abduct the vocal cord via the cricoarytenoid joint

19
Q

what do the arytenoid muscles attach

A

the posterior cricoid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid

20
Q

function of thyroarytenoids

A

relax vocal ligament to decrease pitch

21
Q

what do the thyroarytenoids attach

A

posterior thyroid to the anterior arytenoid cartilage

22
Q

function of cricoarytenoids

A

tense the vocal ligament to increase pitch

nod’ the thyroid cartilage

23
Q

what do the cricoarytenoids attach

A

anterolateral cricoid cartilage to the inferior horn of the thyroid

24
Q

describe oral articulation

A

soft palate tenses and elevates closing the nasopharynx

tongue, teeth and lips modify

25
Q

describe nasal articulation

A

soft palate depresses to close the oropharynx, air in the nasal cavities produce ‘m’, ‘n’ or ‘ing’ depending on the teeth and lips

26
Q

course of superior laryngeal nerve

A

branches and splits (internal and external)
internal passes through thyrohyoid membrane towards supraglottal mucosa - sensory
external supplies cricothyroid

27
Q

where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve run in relation to the thyroid

A

posterior

28
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate

A

all intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid) and sub-glottal folds

29
Q

when is the recurrent laryngeal nerve referred to as the inferior laryngeal nerve

A

when it passes behind the cricothyroid joint

30
Q

what nerve picks up sensation in the cough reflex

A

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

31
Q

describe the cough reflex

A

superior laryngeal nerve picks up supraglottic object and conveys this to the medulla oblongata
the lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid muscles close rima glottidis
inspiratory muscles contract and a jet of air is passed out dislodging the object

32
Q

where do supraglottic tumours drain

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

33
Q

where do glottic tumours present

A

vocal cords

34
Q

where do supraglottic spread

A

paratracheal nodes

35
Q

where is the tip of the laryngoscope blade placed

A

vallecula

36
Q

what is the vallecula

A

mucosal lined space located between the base of the tongue and anterior epiglottis

37
Q

how is the hyoid held in place

A

series of fibrous and muscular connections

38
Q

function of the hyoid

A

muscular attachment and airway patency

39
Q

what does hyoid movement facilitate

A

swallowing and speech

40
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric (anterior and posterior bellies), mylohyoid, geniohyoid

41
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid,

(ENT) Anatomy (3 decks)

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