Larynx Flashcards
1
Q
larynx is also known as the ____ ___
A
voice box
2
Q
larynx is situated ____ in the neck, below the ____ bone and ____
A
anteriorly
hyoid
tongue
3
Q
larynx has a marked projection called the ___ ___ or ___ ___
A
laryngeal prominence
adams apple
4
Q
anterior to the larynx is ___ and ___
A
skin
fasciae
5
Q
lateral to the larynx are ____, ____ gland, ____ ___ of the neck, and the ___ nerves
A
muscles
thyroid
great vessels
vagus
6
Q
posterior to the larynx is the ___ ___ and ___ ___ separated from them by the laryngopharynx
A
vertebral column
prevertebral muscles
7
Q
3 fxns of the larynx
A
organs of vocalization or phonation
air passage
sphincter
8
Q
the larynx is between the root of the ____ and the ___
A
tongue
trachea
9
Q
in the adult, the larynx extends from what vertebrae?
A
C3-C6`
10
Q
the larynx communicates superiorly with the ____ through the laryngeal inlet
A
laryngopharynx
11
Q
larynx communicates superiorly with the laryngopharynx through the ___ ___
A
laryngeal inlet
12
Q
larynx communicates with the ____ inferiorly
A
trachea
13
Q
larynx has a skeleton framework of cartilages connected by ______ and _____, and moved by ___
A
membranes
ligaments
muscles
14
Q
3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx
A
thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis
15
Q
3 paired cartilages of the larynx
A
arytenoids
corniculates
cuneiforms
16
Q
extrinsic membranes and ligaments attach structures inside the larynx to those ____
A
outside
17
Q
intrinsic membranes and ligaments attach structures of the larynx ____
A
together
18
Q
thyroid cartilage is a ____ cartilage located under the ___ bone
A
hyaline
hyoid
19
Q
thyroid cartilage is made up of two ____ meeting in the middle
A
laminae
20
Q
posterior border of thyroid cartilage extends upward to form the ___ __ and downward to form the ___ ___
A
superior horn
inferior horn
21
Q
oblique line of the thyroid cartilage serves as ___ ___
A
muscle attachment
22
Q
cricothyroid is between the ___ ___ of the hyoid cartilage and the lateral side of the ___ ___
A
inferior cornu
cricoid cartilage
23
Q
thyroid cartilage attaches to the cricoid by the ____ ligament
A
cricothyroid
24
Q
thyroid cartilage attaches to the epiglottis by the ____ ligament
A
thyroepiglottic
25
thyroid cartilage attaches to the vocal process of arytenoid by the ___ ligament
vocal
26
thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid bone by the ___ membrane
thryohyoid
27
cricoid cartilage is at the level of ___
C6
28
cricoid cartilage is a ___ cartilage shaped like a signet ring
hyaline
29
cricoid cartilage consists of an anterior ___ and posterior ___ ____
arch
| quadrangular lamina
30
cricoid cartilage attaches to thyroid by ____ ligament
cricothyroid
31
cricoid cartilage attaches to the trachea by the ___ ligament
cricotracheal
32
arytenoid cartilages are a pair of cartilages located on the lateral side of the superior border of ___ ___
cricoid lamina
33
arytenoid cartilages has ___ sides, with ___ surface; a ____, a ____, and _ processes: ____ and ____
```
3
3
base
apex
2
vocal
muscular
```
34
arytenoid cartilages has 2 articulations
cricoid lamina
| corniculate cartilage
35
arytenoid cartilages has attachment to the thyroid cartilage by the ___ ligament
vocal
36
arytenoid cartilages has attachment to the epiglottis by the _____ membrane
quadrangular
37
aryepiglottic ligament + mucous membrane = ____ ___
aryepiglottic fold
38
what is the lateral boundary of the laryngeal inlet?
aryepiglottic fold
39
___ lies anterior to the laryngeal inlet
epiglottis
40
the ____ cartilage lies posterior to the laryngeal inlet
corniculate
41
2 articulations of the cricoid cartilage
cricothyroid
| cricoarytenoid
42
epiglottic cartilage is a leaf like ____ cartilage which projects upward behind the ___ and ___ bone
elastic
tongue
hyoid
43
epiglottic cartilage is attached to the back of the ___ cartilage
thyroid
44
during deglutition, the epiglottic cartilage bends back over the ____ ___
laryngeal inlet
45
epiglottic cartilage has 4 attachments
thyroid
hyoid
arytenoid
tongue
46
epiglottic cartilage attaches to the hyoid anteriorly through the _____ ligaments
hyoidepiglottic
47
epiglottic cartilage attaches to the arytenoids by the ____ ligaments
aryepiglottic
48
epiglottic cartilage attaches to the tongue by the ____ ____
glossoepiglottic folds
49
___ ___ lies between the median and lateral ligs of the glossoepiglottic folds
epiglottic vallecula
50
corniculate cartilages are __ small conical nodules of yellow ___ cartilage
2
| elastic
51
corniculate lie on the apices of the ___ cartilages and serve to prolong them ____ and ____
arytenoid
backward
medialward
52
corniculate cartilage are enclosed within the posterior part of the ____ folds
aryepiglottic
53
cuneiform cartilages are yellow ___ cartilage, small, rod-like bodies in the ____ fold anterior to the _____ cartilage
elastic
aryepiglottic
corniculate
54
tritiate cartilage are __ small nodules of ___ cartilage situate one on either side above the ___ within the posterior free edge of the ____ membrane
2
elastic
larynx
thyrohyoid
55
3 extrinsic cartilages and membranes of the larynx
thyrohyoid membrane
cricotracheal lig
hyoepiglottic lig
56
quadrangular membrane is an ___ membrane between the ___ and ___ cartilages
intrinsic
epiglottis
arytenoid
57
quadrangular membrane's inferior border forms the ___ ligaments
vestibular
58
at the superior border of the quadrangular membrane is the ___ ligs
aryepiglottic
59
upper edge of the lateral portion of the cricothyoid ligament is the _____ lig
vocal
60
together the lateral cricothyroid and vocal ligs form the ____ ___
conus elasticuls
61
anterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet is the ___
epiglottis
62
lateral boundary of the laryngeal inlet is the ___ ___
aryepiglottic folds
63
posterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet is the mucous membrane between the ___ ___
arytenoid cartilages
64
___: space between the inlet and vesticular folds
vesticule
65
____: space between the vesticular folds and the vocal folds
ventricle
66
ventricle extends anteriorly to form the ___
saccule
67
saccule contains mucous glands to lubricate the __ ___
vocal folds
68
____ ____: space between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
infraglottic cavity
69
_____ _____: space between the right and left vesticular folds
rima vestibuli
70
___ ___: space between the right and left vocal folds
rima glottidis
71
7 elevators of the larynx
```
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
```
72
3 depressors of the larynx
sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid
73
O of the cricothyroid
arch of cricoid
74
I of the cricothyroid
inferior horn and lower border of thyroid cartilage
75
A of the cricothyroid
chief tensor of the vocal ligament
76
O of the posterior cricoarytenoid
posterior surface of lamina of cricoid
77
I of the posterior cricoarytenoid
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
78
A of the posterior cricoarytenoid
abductor of vocal folds
79
O of transverse and oblique arytenoids
arytenoid
80
I of transverse and oblique arytendoids
opposite arytenoids
81
A of transverse and oblique arytenoids
close rima glottidis
82
O of lateral cricoarytenoid
upper border of cricoid arch
83
I of lateral cricoarytenoid
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
84
A of lateral cricoarytenoid
adducts vocal folds
85
O of thyroarytenoid
inner surface of thyroid lamina
86
I of thyroarytenoid
anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage
87
A of thyroarytenoid
slackens vocal folds and closes rima glottidis
88
O of vocalis
anteromedial surface of thyroid lamina
89
I of vocalis
vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
90
A of vocalis
adjusts tension of vocal ligament
91
tension of vocal lig by cricothyroid makes a ___ pitch sound
high
92
cricothyroid muscles is innervated by ___ ___ n and ___ ___ a
external laryngeal
| superior thyroid
93
posterior crico-arytenoids cause the arytenoids to pivot and cause vocal ligs to ___
abduct
94
transverse and oblique arytenoid come together to make vocal ligs ____
adduct
95
lateral crico-arytenoid cause the vocal cords to ___
add
96
thyro-arytenoid cause the vocal lig becomes relaxed for ____ pitch sounds
low
97
sounds are modified by 4 things
tongue
soft palate
mouth
uvula
98
during forced respiration the vocal ligs ___
abduct
99
during phonation the vocal ligs ___
adduct
100
when you whisper, the vocal lig ___. the superior pole of the arytenoids ____
add
| add
101
internal laryngeal n is a branch of the ___ ___ n of the vague
superior laryngeal
102
laryngeal mucosa down to the level of the vocal folds is supplied by the ___ ___n
internal laryngeal
103
___ ___ n supplies the laryngeal mucosa below the level of the vocal folds
recurrent laryngeal
104
which nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle
external laryngeal n
105
which nerve supplies all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except the cricothyroid muscle
recurrent laryngeal
106
which artery runs with the internal laryngeal n?
superior laryngeal a
107
which artery runs with the external laryngeal n?
superior thyroid a
108
which artery runs with the recurrent laryngeal n?
inferior thyroid
109
superior laryngeal a is a branch of the ___ ___ a
superior thyroid
110
which artery supplies the upper half of the larynx
superior laryngeal
111
inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of the ____ ____ artery
inferior thyroid
112
which artery supplies the lower half of the larynx?
inferior laryngeal
113
the veins accompanying the superior laryngeal artery drains into the superior thyroid vein which drains into the ____ ___ v
internal jugular
114
the veins accompanying the inferior laryngeal artery drains into the inferior thyroid vein which drains into the _______ v
brachiocephalic
115
_____: clinical examination of patients larynx (laryngeal endoscopy) or indirectly through mirrow reflection
laryngoscopy
116
____: surgical procedure to introduce air into lower larynx and trachea
e.g. in case of laryngeal edema or impacted foreign body
laryngotomy
117
_____: surgical resection of the larynx
| e.g. malignant laryngeal tumor or tumors contiguous to the larynx
laryngectomy
