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T2 - GA FINAL > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

larynx is also known as the ____ ___

A

voice box

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2
Q

larynx is situated ____ in the neck, below the ____ bone and ____

A

anteriorly
hyoid
tongue

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3
Q

larynx has a marked projection called the ___ ___ or ___ ___

A

laryngeal prominence

adams apple

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4
Q

anterior to the larynx is ___ and ___

A

skin

fasciae

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5
Q

lateral to the larynx are ____, ____ gland, ____ ___ of the neck, and the ___ nerves

A

muscles
thyroid
great vessels
vagus

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6
Q

posterior to the larynx is the ___ ___ and ___ ___ separated from them by the laryngopharynx

A

vertebral column

prevertebral muscles

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7
Q

3 fxns of the larynx

A

organs of vocalization or phonation
air passage
sphincter

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8
Q

the larynx is between the root of the ____ and the ___

A

tongue

trachea

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9
Q

in the adult, the larynx extends from what vertebrae?

A

C3-C6`

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10
Q

the larynx communicates superiorly with the ____ through the laryngeal inlet

A

laryngopharynx

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11
Q

larynx communicates superiorly with the laryngopharynx through the ___ ___

A

laryngeal inlet

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12
Q

larynx communicates with the ____ inferiorly

A

trachea

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13
Q

larynx has a skeleton framework of cartilages connected by ______ and _____, and moved by ___

A

membranes
ligaments
muscles

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14
Q

3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

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15
Q

3 paired cartilages of the larynx

A

arytenoids
corniculates
cuneiforms

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16
Q

extrinsic membranes and ligaments attach structures inside the larynx to those ____

A

outside

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17
Q

intrinsic membranes and ligaments attach structures of the larynx ____

A

together

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18
Q

thyroid cartilage is a ____ cartilage located under the ___ bone

A

hyaline

hyoid

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19
Q

thyroid cartilage is made up of two ____ meeting in the middle

A

laminae

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20
Q

posterior border of thyroid cartilage extends upward to form the ___ __ and downward to form the ___ ___

A

superior horn

inferior horn

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21
Q

oblique line of the thyroid cartilage serves as ___ ___

A

muscle attachment

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22
Q

cricothyroid is between the ___ ___ of the hyoid cartilage and the lateral side of the ___ ___

A

inferior cornu

cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

thyroid cartilage attaches to the cricoid by the ____ ligament

A

cricothyroid

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24
Q

thyroid cartilage attaches to the epiglottis by the ____ ligament

A

thyroepiglottic

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25
Q

thyroid cartilage attaches to the vocal process of arytenoid by the ___ ligament

A

vocal

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26
Q

thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid bone by the ___ membrane

A

thryohyoid

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27
Q

cricoid cartilage is at the level of ___

A

C6

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28
Q

cricoid cartilage is a ___ cartilage shaped like a signet ring

A

hyaline

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29
Q

cricoid cartilage consists of an anterior ___ and posterior ___ ____

A

arch

quadrangular lamina

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30
Q

cricoid cartilage attaches to thyroid by ____ ligament

A

cricothyroid

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31
Q

cricoid cartilage attaches to the trachea by the ___ ligament

A

cricotracheal

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32
Q

arytenoid cartilages are a pair of cartilages located on the lateral side of the superior border of ___ ___

A

cricoid lamina

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33
Q

arytenoid cartilages has ___ sides, with ___ surface; a ____, a ____, and _ processes: ____ and ____

A 
3
3
base
apex
2
vocal
muscular
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34
Q

arytenoid cartilages has 2 articulations

A

cricoid lamina

corniculate cartilage

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35
Q

arytenoid cartilages has attachment to the thyroid cartilage by the ___ ligament

A

vocal

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36
Q

arytenoid cartilages has attachment to the epiglottis by the _____ membrane

A

quadrangular

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37
Q

aryepiglottic ligament + mucous membrane = ____ ___

A

aryepiglottic fold

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38
Q

what is the lateral boundary of the laryngeal inlet?

A

aryepiglottic fold

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39
Q

___ lies anterior to the laryngeal inlet

A

epiglottis

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40
Q

the ____ cartilage lies posterior to the laryngeal inlet

A

corniculate

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41
Q

2 articulations of the cricoid cartilage

A

cricothyroid

cricoarytenoid

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42
Q

epiglottic cartilage is a leaf like ____ cartilage which projects upward behind the ___ and ___ bone

A

elastic
tongue
hyoid

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43
Q

epiglottic cartilage is attached to the back of the ___ cartilage

A

thyroid

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44
Q

during deglutition, the epiglottic cartilage bends back over the ____ ___

A

laryngeal inlet

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45
Q

epiglottic cartilage has 4 attachments

A

thyroid
hyoid
arytenoid
tongue

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46
Q

epiglottic cartilage attaches to the hyoid anteriorly through the _____ ligaments

A

hyoidepiglottic

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47
Q

epiglottic cartilage attaches to the arytenoids by the ____ ligaments

A

aryepiglottic

48
Q

epiglottic cartilage attaches to the tongue by the ____ ____

A

glossoepiglottic folds

49
Q

___ ___ lies between the median and lateral ligs of the glossoepiglottic folds

A

epiglottic vallecula

50
Q

corniculate cartilages are __ small conical nodules of yellow ___ cartilage

51
Q

corniculate lie on the apices of the ___ cartilages and serve to prolong them ____ and ____

A

arytenoid
backward
medialward

52
Q

corniculate cartilage are enclosed within the posterior part of the ____ folds

A

aryepiglottic

53
Q

cuneiform cartilages are yellow ___ cartilage, small, rod-like bodies in the ____ fold anterior to the _____ cartilage

A

elastic
aryepiglottic
corniculate

54
Q

tritiate cartilage are __ small nodules of ___ cartilage situate one on either side above the ___ within the posterior free edge of the ____ membrane

A

2
elastic
larynx
thyrohyoid

55
Q

3 extrinsic cartilages and membranes of the larynx

A

thyrohyoid membrane
cricotracheal lig
hyoepiglottic lig

56
Q

quadrangular membrane is an ___ membrane between the ___ and ___ cartilages

A

intrinsic
epiglottis
arytenoid

57
Q

quadrangular membrane’s inferior border forms the ___ ligaments

A

vestibular

58
Q

at the superior border of the quadrangular membrane is the ___ ligs

A

aryepiglottic

59
Q

upper edge of the lateral portion of the cricothyoid ligament is the _____ lig

60
Q

together the lateral cricothyroid and vocal ligs form the ____ ___

A

conus elasticuls

61
Q

anterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet is the ___

A

epiglottis

62
Q

lateral boundary of the laryngeal inlet is the ___ ___

A

aryepiglottic folds

63
Q

posterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet is the mucous membrane between the ___ ___

A

arytenoid cartilages

64
Q

___: space between the inlet and vesticular folds

65
Q

____: space between the vesticular folds and the vocal folds

66
Q

ventricle extends anteriorly to form the ___

67
Q

saccule contains mucous glands to lubricate the __ ___

A

vocal folds

68
Q

____ ____: space between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

A

infraglottic cavity

69
Q

_____ _____: space between the right and left vesticular folds

A

rima vestibuli

70
Q

___ ___: space between the right and left vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

71
Q

7 elevators of the larynx

A 
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
72
Q

3 depressors of the larynx

A

sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid

73
Q

O of the cricothyroid

A

arch of cricoid

74
Q

I of the cricothyroid

A

inferior horn and lower border of thyroid cartilage

75
Q

A of the cricothyroid

A

chief tensor of the vocal ligament

76
Q

O of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

posterior surface of lamina of cricoid

77
Q

I of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

78
Q

A of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

abductor of vocal folds

79
Q

O of transverse and oblique arytenoids

80
Q

I of transverse and oblique arytendoids

A

opposite arytenoids

81
Q

A of transverse and oblique arytenoids

A

close rima glottidis

82
Q

O of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

upper border of cricoid arch

83
Q

I of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

84
Q

A of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

adducts vocal folds

85
Q

O of thyroarytenoid

A

inner surface of thyroid lamina

86
Q

I of thyroarytenoid

A

anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage

87
Q

A of thyroarytenoid

A

slackens vocal folds and closes rima glottidis

88
Q

O of vocalis

A

anteromedial surface of thyroid lamina

89
Q

I of vocalis

A

vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

90
Q

A of vocalis

A

adjusts tension of vocal ligament

91
Q

tension of vocal lig by cricothyroid makes a ___ pitch sound

92
Q

cricothyroid muscles is innervated by ___ ___ n and ___ ___ a

A

external laryngeal

superior thyroid

93
Q

posterior crico-arytenoids cause the arytenoids to pivot and cause vocal ligs to ___

94
Q

transverse and oblique arytenoid come together to make vocal ligs ____

95
Q

lateral crico-arytenoid cause the vocal cords to ___

96
Q

thyro-arytenoid cause the vocal lig becomes relaxed for ____ pitch sounds

97
Q

sounds are modified by 4 things

A

tongue
soft palate
mouth
uvula

98
Q

during forced respiration the vocal ligs ___

99
Q

during phonation the vocal ligs ___

100
Q

when you whisper, the vocal lig ___. the superior pole of the arytenoids ____

101
Q

internal laryngeal n is a branch of the ___ ___ n of the vague

A

superior laryngeal

102
Q

laryngeal mucosa down to the level of the vocal folds is supplied by the ___ ___n

A

internal laryngeal

103
Q

___ ___ n supplies the laryngeal mucosa below the level of the vocal folds

A

recurrent laryngeal

104
Q

which nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle

A

external laryngeal n

105
Q

which nerve supplies all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except the cricothyroid muscle

A

recurrent laryngeal

106
Q

which artery runs with the internal laryngeal n?

A

superior laryngeal a

107
Q

which artery runs with the external laryngeal n?

A

superior thyroid a

108
Q

which artery runs with the recurrent laryngeal n?

A

inferior thyroid

109
Q

superior laryngeal a is a branch of the ___ ___ a

A

superior thyroid

110
Q

which artery supplies the upper half of the larynx

A

superior laryngeal

111
Q

inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of the ____ ____ artery

A

inferior thyroid

112
Q

which artery supplies the lower half of the larynx?

A

inferior laryngeal

113
Q

the veins accompanying the superior laryngeal artery drains into the superior thyroid vein which drains into the ____ ___ v

A

internal jugular

114
Q

the veins accompanying the inferior laryngeal artery drains into the inferior thyroid vein which drains into the _______ v

A

brachiocephalic

115
Q

_____: clinical examination of patients larynx (laryngeal endoscopy) or indirectly through mirrow reflection

A

laryngoscopy

116
Q

____: surgical procedure to introduce air into lower larynx and trachea
e.g. in case of laryngeal edema or impacted foreign body

A

laryngotomy

117
Q

_____: surgical resection of the larynx

e.g. malignant laryngeal tumor or tumors contiguous to the larynx

A

laryngectomy

T2 - GA FINAL (5 decks)

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