Large Data Set Flashcards
At what time period is using the regression equation to estimate a response variable unreliable?
✯ Using the regression equation for bivariate data in the large data set to estimate a response variable for the months outside of May-October is unreliable (Extrapolated value)
What weather stations are in the Northern hemisphere?
✯ UK
✯ Jacksonville
✯ Beijing
What weather stations are in the Southern hemisphere?
✯ Perth
When is summer in the Northern hemisphere?
✯ July - September
What time period is winter in the Southern hemisphere?
✯ July - September
In what months is it windier, wetter, darker and colder?
✯ December, January, February
In August, July and June, what are the conditions?
✯ Calmer, Drier, Brighter and Hotter
Tell me the names of weather stations in the UK in alphabetical order from South to North.
- Camborne
- Hurn
- Heathrow
- Leeming
- Leuchars
What are the coastal areas in the UK, and what special condition is in these coastal areas?
- Camborne and Leuchars
- Coastal - windier.
What are the range of values of daily mean temperature?
✯ 5-24°C
What are the range of values of daily total rainfall?
✯ 0-20mm (measured to 1 d.p)
What is a detail about daily total rainfall as a whole?
✯ It is not symmetrical, many tr and 0 values.
What is daily total sunshine measured in?
✯ Hours to 1dp.
What is the range of daily total sunshine?
✯ 0-14 hours.
What is daily maximum relative humidity?
✯ Amount of water vapour in the air.
What is cloud cover measured in?
✯ Oktas
What is the range of cloud cover?
✯ 0 to 8.
What is cloud cover, and what is a detail about it?
✯ Integers, measuring what fraction of the sky is covered in clouds.
What is humidity measured in?
✯ %
What is the range of humidity?
✯ 70% - 100%
What is daily mean visibility measured in?
✯ Decametres (rounded to nearest hundred)
What is the measurement conversion of decametres and metres?
✯ 1 Dm = 10m
What is daily mean pressure measured in?
✯ Hectopascals (hPa)
What are the range of values of daily mean visibility?
✯ 200Dm - 4000 Dm
What are the ranges of daily mean pressure
✯ 990 hPa - 1040 hPa
What does ‘tr’ mean?
✯ There was a trace of water in the measuring instrument <0.05mm.
What does cleaning data mean?
✯ We replace tr when calculating data with 0.025 mm or 0mm.
What is daily mean windspeed measured in?
✯ Knots (kn)
What are the ranges of daily mean windspeed?
✯ 3kn to 10kn
What are the units of windspeed, Beaufort conversion?
✯ Qualitative.
The range of windspeed, Beaufort conversion?
✯ Light to moderate. Most days are light.
What is wind/gust direction measured in?
✯ Degrees as it is a bearing.
Range of wind/gust direction is?
✯ 10° to 360 °
What is daily maximum gust measured in?
✯ Kn (Knots)
What is the typical range of daily maximum gust?
✯ 8kn to 50kn
What unit is the wind/gust direction (Cardinal)
✯ Compass direction
What do we know about Australia’s seasons?
✯ Flipped seasons due to being in the Southern hemisphere.
What is a key characteristic of China’s seasons?
✯ Hotter, wetter summers
✯ Colder winters
In Jacksonville (Florida), what are some key characteristics?
✯ Hot summers
✯ There are hurricanes in October.
Common sense box #1
If the temperature increases…
✯ The amount of sunshine will increase.
✯ The amount of rainfall will decrease
✯ The windspeed will decrease.
Common sense box #2
As we move further north, during May to October…
✯ The temperature decreases
✯ The amount of rainfall increases.
✯ The maximum hours of sunshine increases.
Which weather stations produce the hottest weathers?
✯ Jacksonville and Beijing
✯ with Beijing having the hottest days recorded.
Can you compare which of the hottest weather stations is hotter?
✯ Jacksonville is still hotter than Beijing on average.
What is the coldest month?
✯ October
When does it rain the most in the UK?
✯ August
What does Daily Maximum Gust Direction (cardinal direction) actually mean?
✯ The direction the wind is blowing from. e.g. direction of 270 degrees (West) means the wind is blowing from West to East.
Overseas, what units do not appear?
✯ Tr and n/a
There are only four values to have n/a, and are all n/a in which time period?
✯ Daily total sunshine
✯ Daily total sunshine
✯ Daily mean windspeed (Beaufort conversion)
✯ Daily maximum gust
Which variables are discrete?
- Cloud cover (0-8, 9 outcomes)
- Cardinal Directions (16 outcomes)
When is it warmer, and more hours of sunshine in the day?
✯ Weather stations in the South
How many months is the large data set, and from which years?
✯ 6 months from 1987 - 2015.
Knots to mph?
1kn = 1.15mph
