Large Animal Flashcards
Define Heifer
Young female cow that has not calved
What is dry cow
Milk production ceases prior to calving
Should Twitches be used on Foals
No!
How does a twitch work?
applied properly it releases endorphins, resulting in a calming effect
Main live stock products in Atlantic Canada are
Dairy, Poultry and Beef
Where are horses measured
From the ground to the withers, measured in Hands
What is a Cow?
A female that has calved
What are Nose tongs and Halters used for
Types of restraint for bovine
Leg wraps on horses are used to
reduce swelling post exercising,
protect healing wounds,
prevent wounds
The purpose of a tail wrap on a horse
protects against injury,
Hygiene reasons, ties tail out the way
Who should be onsite when booking a farm call
Someone who is knowledgeable if there are numerous animals to be seen and difficult procedures done.
Farm/Barn Calls are organized by who?
Barn owner rather than horse owner. Barn calls save on vet fees, usually annual exams of all animals on site
When a horse is pregnant what is this time frame called?
Gestation period
5 types of Environmental Enrichment for horses
Social, Nutritional, Occupational, Physical, Sensory
Stallions who don’t have their own harem form what?
Bachelor Herds, try to claim mares from other harems
in Herd of horses how many dominant stallons will defend a herd
One, this stallion does most the breeding
what is cribbing a sign of
boredom, stress etc.
Define a bull (cattle)
intact male
what percent of horses have wolf teeth and when do they erupt
70% of horses have wolf teeth, erupt at 5-12 months, usually removed
When examining a horse do we want to hear borboribumi?
Yes, three stages of gut motility
What is the Veterinarians role in Live stock Production
To provide:
Individual animal care
Herd-level animal care
Consulting with producers
True or false:
Herd Level animal care would include prevention of herd out breaks?
true
What is Mastitis
Inflammation of the mammary glands. Infection
point of balance is located at an animals…?
withers
Define Finished
Fattened and ready to be sold
what are three Terminal Breeds of bovine
Simmental
Charolais
Limousin
Most herds use ____________programs
cross breeding
define Veal calf
all male dairy cows not to be kept for breeding
Holsteinoriginated?
Breed originated in the Netherlands
What are pros for individual housing of calves
minimize spread of disease, easily disinfect between animals,
can monitor how much they are eating, minimize cross-sucking
What are cons for individual housing of calves
less social interactions and play behaviour which is important to calves
What is the Esophageal Groove?
bypasses the reticulum and rumen and enters into the abomasum
name 2 Housing Systems for Dairy Cattle
Tie Stall and Free Stall
what can mastitis cause if left untreated?
Sepsis and death
what is Hypocalcaemia
Inability of cow to move enough calcium from bone into milk fast enough
What is a Tail Jack
Helps immobilize animal briefly
Tail lifted and slight pressure forward
Distracts them, minimizes movement
back and forth and minimizes risk of
kicking, (Restraint technique)
methods of Handling Downed Cows
Place on sled
Hip lifters
Water therapy
what is the average cow herd size?
69
Holstein milk has….
More volume…less milk fat
What is a Self-locking Headgate?
Cow will put head in, and gate will lock
Low stress handling
Cows can move their rear ends
Great for reproductive exams in dairy herds
