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Exotic Animal Care and Handling > Exotics > Flashcards

Exotics Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: Rabbits are part of the order lagomorpha.

A

True

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2
Q

What is the difference between a lagomorph and a rodent?

A

Rodents have one pair of incisors and lagomorphs have two

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3
Q

What is the difference between a rabbit and a hare?

A

Rabbits are altricial - born without fur, ears and eyes closed
Hares are precocial - born fully furred, ears and eyes open

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4
Q

List some common rabbit breeds

A

Holland Lop, Dwarf, Flemish Giant, Dutch, Lionhead, Angora (any others as well)

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5
Q

Where are rabbit eyes located and why?

A

Side of their head, they are a prey animal so need a wide range of vision

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6
Q

True or false: Rabbits have a high bone to muscle ratio.

A

False

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7
Q

Is a rabbit a carnivore, omnivore, or herbivore?

A

Herbivore

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8
Q

What type of digestive system does a rabbit have?

A

Hind-gut fermenter

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9
Q

True or false: The rabbit’s cecum comprises 40% of their total GI capacity.​

A

True

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10
Q

What is a second type of rabbit poop produced by the cecum​?

A

Cecotrope

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11
Q

Why do rabbits have to eat cecotropes?

A

To obtain further nutrients

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12
Q

Why do we avoid using Elizabethan collars on rabbits?

A

Need to consume their cecotropes for their nutritional value.

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13
Q

Can rabbits vomit?

A

No

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14
Q

Why can’t rabbits vomit?

A

Lack a gag reflex and have a thin, weak diaphragm, incapable of reverse peristalsis

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15
Q

How much hay should a rabbit eat?

A

It should be 80-85% of their diet

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16
Q

What type of hay should NOT be fed to an adult rabbit from this list and why?
Timothy, meadow grass, oat, alfalfa, orchard grass

A

Alfalfa (can be fed to rabbits under 4 months of age) It promotes urinary stones and bladder sludge.

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17
Q

Why is it so important for rabbits to eat hay?

A

Wears down their teeth, and promotes GI health

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18
Q

What percentage should veggies be of the rabbit’s diet?

A

8-10%

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19
Q

What percentage should pellets be of the rabbit’s diet?

A

0-10%

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20
Q

What percentage should treats be of the rabbit’s diet?

A

0-5%

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21
Q

What are common causes of malocclusion in rabbits?

A

Improper diet and genetics

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22
Q

What type of ovulator is a rabbit?

A

Induced

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23
Q

When can rabbits breed again after giving birth?

A

24 hours after

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24
Q

What is a dewlap and what is used for?

A

It is loose skin hanging under a mature female rabbit’s chin, the rabbit plucks fur from it to line the nest.

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25
Q

Should rabbits be fasted for surgery? Why or why not?

A

No, they can’t vomit and they should never be fasted as it may cause GI stasis which may be fatal.

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26
Q

Why should rabbits be spayed?

A

Reduces aggressive behaviour, prevents false or real pregnancies​, prevents uterine adenocarcinoma​, prevents pyometra and endometritis​

​

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27
Q

Why should rabbits be neutered?

A

Reduces aggressive behaviour, prevents testicular cancer, reduces urine marking A.K.A spraying behaviours, ​decreases urine smell and encourages better litterbox habits ​

​

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28
Q

True or false: It is easier to bond rabbits when intact.

A

False

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29
Q

What are considered rabbit emergencies?

A

Anorexia (12-24 hours without eating), diarrhea, presence of cecotropes or lack of feces

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30
Q

What zoonotic disease can rabbits and rodents have?

A

Ringworm

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31
Q

True or false: Rabbits can have the same ectoparasites as dogs and cats.

A

True

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32
Q

What should we do to minimize stress of rabbits in the veterinary hospital?

A

Separate waiting room or put in exam room right away, change into clean scrubs, rabbit should be in their travel cage with familiar scents, provide non slip surfaces

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33
Q

What can rabbit thumping and stomping indicate?

A

Frightened/threatened​, mad, irritated and used to ​warn others of danger

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34
Q

What does it mean when a rabbit circles your feet?

A

Originally a courtship behaviour​, indicates love and is a way to ask for attention​

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35
Q

What does it mean when a rabbit grunts, growls and charges?

A

Angry, threatened and territorial, they want you to leave and may bite

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36
Q

What is a rabbit doing when chinning?

A

Claiming ​their territory ​with scent glands under the chin spread the rabbit’s scent.​
Each one has a unique scent​.

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37
Q

What is the best combination for rabbit bonding? What can be the most difficult?

A

Spayed female with a neutered male.
Bonding two females can be the most difficult especially if unspayed.

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38
Q

Why are pine and cedar shavings not recommended for any small animals?

A

They contain aerosols that ​are toxic to the liver and lungs​.

39
Q

Can rabbits be litter trained?

A

Yes

40
Q

What does tonic immobility mean?

A

A state of motor inhibition that can occur in prey animals as a last defense ​
against a predator – a fear response​

41
Q

What can trigger tonic immobility in rabbits?

A

Lying them on their backs

42
Q

What is the best way to restrain a ferret?

A

Scruffing

43
Q

What is the issue with ferrets in pet stores coming from just 2 farms?

A

They have a small gene pool - many health issues

44
Q

What were ferrets originally bred for?

A

Their ability to hunt rabbits and control the rodent population​

45
Q

What does nocturnal mean?

A

Most active at night

46
Q

Is a ferret a carnivore, omnivore, or herbivore?

A

Carnivore

47
Q

Are vaccinations required for ferrets?

A

Yes - distemper and rabies

48
Q

What are some health issues of ferrets?

A

Fatal anemia, cancer, heart disease, epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), ecto- and endoparasites

49
Q

What is the definition of a rodent?

A

Gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower incisors​ - one set of teeth

50
Q

Why is it important to not lift a mouse or rat by their tail?

A

Tail can slough off

51
Q

What province is rat free?

A

Alberta

52
Q

What is the purpose of porphyrin in rats?

A

Lubricating the eye and pheromones

53
Q

Are mice and rats carnivores, herbivores or omnivores?

A

Omnivores

54
Q

How can we determine whether mice and rats are male or female?

A

Distance between anus and genitalia, males are farther apart than females

55
Q

Why are rats used in the laboratory setting?

A

Almost all disease-linked human genes are duplicated in the rat​, share the same physiology as humans

56
Q

Why wouldn’t 2 white chinchillas be bred together?

A

25% chance of getting a homozygous version of these genes that is lethal (the fetus won’t develop)​

​

57
Q

What is the most common colour of chinchilla?

A

Standard grey

58
Q

What is fur slip?

A

Chinchillas can release a large patch of fur in response to being grabbed or handled too roughly

59
Q

Are chinchillas carnivores, herbivores or omnivores?

A

Herbivores

60
Q

Should we bathe a chinchilla? Why or why not?

A

No, their fur can take a long time to dry leaving​ the chinchilla open to possible fungal infections, and the fur also acts as a barrier that prevents water from evaporating, so​ they can get cold​

61
Q

What type of bath does a chinchilla need?

A

Dust bath

62
Q

Are chinchilla offspring altricial or precocial?

A

Precocial - fully furred with ears and eyes open

63
Q

What is something that can happen to male chinchillas that we need to make owners aware of?

A

Fur ring around penis

64
Q

How many teeth do rabbits have?

A

16 deciduous, 28 permanent

65
Q

Define malocclusion

A

Imperfect positioning or meeting of the teeth when the jaws are closed​

​

66
Q

Birds have how many respiratory cycles?

A

2

67
Q

Birds have________ along with small rigid lungs.

A

air sacs

68
Q

Define coprophagy

A

The eating of feces

69
Q

What does dimorphic mean?

A

When males and females of the same species have different physical characteristics​ (ie. size, colour)

70
Q

What does monomorphic mean?

A

When males and females of the same species have the same physical characteristics​ (ie. size, colour)

71
Q

What is a jill?

A

Female ferret

72
Q

What is a male ferret called?

A

Hob

73
Q

What is a spayed female ferret called?

A

Sprite

74
Q

What is a gib?

A

Neutered male ferret

75
Q

What a baby ferrets called?

A

Kits

76
Q

What are baby rats called?

A

Kits and pups

77
Q

What is a fledgling?

A

Baby bird that has left the nest but is still reliant on parents to feed them

78
Q

What is a hatchling?

A

Baby bird that has not left the nest yet

79
Q

True or false: Leopard geckos are herbivores.

A

False, they are insectivores

80
Q

True or false: Reptiles can have skin or scales.

A

True

81
Q

True or false: The left lung of a snake is smaller than the right.

A

True

82
Q

True or false: Reptiles are able to cough.

A

False

83
Q

What are 4 temperatures zones that should be in a reptile enclosure?

A
  1. Basking zone​
  2. Warm zone​
  3. Ambient zone​
  4. Cool zone
84
Q

True or false: Snakes are carnivores.

A

True

85
Q

What does gut loading mean?

A

An animal’s prey is raised and fed nutritious foods with the intention of passing those nutrients to the animal for which the prey is intended​

86
Q

True or false: Amphibians are hot-blooded.

A

False, they are cold-blooded

87
Q

True or false: Brightly coloured amphibians are typically the most toxic.

A

True

88
Q

True or false: Amphibians have a 4 chambered heart

A

False, they have a 3 chambered heart

89
Q

True or false: It is very important to wear gloves when handling reptiles, amphibians and turtles.

A

True

90
Q

What does metamorphosis mean?

A

The process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.

91
Q

True or false: An ectotherm relies on their environment to regulate temperature.

A

True

92
Q

True or false: An endotherm relies on their environment to regulate temperature.

A

False

93
Q

True or false: Reptile skin prevents water loss.

A

True

Exotic Animal Care and Handling (2 decks)

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