LANGUAGES AND ENVIRONMENTS

Question 1

What does machine code consist of?

Answer 1

two characters 1 and 0

Question 2

What is the language called that directly controls a computer?

Answer 2

A Low level Language

Question 3

What is the name of the programming languages humans find easier to use?

Answer 3

High level languages

Question 4

What must be done to a high level language before a computer can use them?

Answer 4

Must be translated into binary

Question 5

What does syntax refer to?

Answer 5

The grammatical rules of a language

Question 6

What are the three basic control structures used to control a computer?

Answer 6

• Sequence
• Selection
• Iteration

Question 7

What do all three control structures mean?

Answer 7

• Sequence - any set of commands will be executed one after the other
• Selection - which command to execute depends on whether a condition is true or not
• Iteration - a set of commands is repeated for a set number of times, often called a loop

Question 8

What does a program being problem oriented mean?

Answer 8

When a program is created to solve a particular sort of task or written with set people in mind

Question 9

What are the four main types of programming languages?

Answer 9

• Procedural
• Declarative
• Object Oriented
• Domain Specific

Question 10

Explain a Procedural language?

Answer 10

• Commonest Type of language
• Contains a set of commands that will be executed one after the other
• Designed originally to teach programming
• Use standard arithmetic operations

Question 11

Explain Declarative Programming languages?

Answer 11

• Created to match how humans think
• associated with artificial intelligence programming
• Consists of a set of facts and rules (Knowledge base)
• Program run by entering a query, solution found by finding a match between the query and the rules and facts in the knowledge base.
• Will not necessarily follow a set of operations

Question 12

A Declarative Programming language makes use of recursion, what is this?

Answer 12

recursion is when a sub program repeatedly calls itself until a simple base fact is identified.

Question 13

A Declarative Programming language uses self modifying code, what is this ?

Answer 13

This is where the program modifies the set of facts and rules

Question 14

What is an Object Oriented Language

Answer 14

This is a more efficient procedural language

Question 15

What are objects

Answer 15

Objects are re-usable blocks of code which define data used within that block and how that data can be changed.

Question 16

What do you call the data associated with an object

Answer 16

Instance variables or attributes

Question 17

What are the procedures and functions that can change data called

Answer 17

methods or operations

Question 18

How are errors by global variable less likely in an object oriented programming language

Answer 18

Objects are closed systems which cannot be altered from outside also known as encapsulation

Question 19

what is meant by inheritance

Answer 19

this is the ability to create a sub class from a pre defined class

Question 20

How do objects interact with each other

Answer 20

they send messages from one object to another

Question 21

What are class libraries

Answer 21

these are sets of classes that can be used by developers as building blocks for complex applications

Question 22

What type of language is designed with one specific task in mind

Answer 22

Domain specific

Question 23

What is a scripting language

Answer 23

A scripting language is designed to add extra functionality to, or automate an application program or an operating system.

Question 24

What is a macro

Answer 24

A macro is a sequence of operations that can be invoked as a single task

Question 25

What are the two types of translators

Answer 25

Compilers and interpreters

Question 26

Explain an interpreter

Answer 26

Line By line translation, Can identify errors immediately, need every time the program is run.

Question 27

Explain a compiler

Answer 27

Translates all code at once, translation is saved no need to be translated again, more efficient as no extra memory or processor resources are needed.