Language Part 1 Flashcards by Alexis O'Leary

Language is found in what hemisphere?

Left

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Broca’s area focuses on…

Language expression

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Wernicke’s area

Sound Processing

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Aphasia

Communication disorder associated with language problems

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Broca’s aphasia

Trouble producing speech

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Broca’s aphasia affects what part of the brain?

Frontal Lobe (affects motor planning)

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Wernicke’s aphasia

Cannot understand what others are saying and often create nonsense sentences

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Wernicke’s area affects what part of the brain?

Temporal Lobe

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Global Aphasia

Both Broca and Wernicke’s aphasia are damage

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Broca’s and Wernicke’s are connected by

Arcuate Fasiculus

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Is the arcuate fasiculus specific to spoken language?

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Conduction Aphasia

Arcuate fasiculus is damaged making it hard to change between listening and speaking

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Agraphia

Inability to write

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Anemia

Inability to name things

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Language is unique in that therapy can…

Create new connections between neurons to rebuild some degree of fluency

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Neural/Synaptic plasticity

New connections between neurons that can help stroke patients recover

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What happens if you break the corpus callosum?

Trouble naming objects due to lack of communication between hemispheres in brain

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Split-Brain patient

Corpus Callosum is fractured so brain hemispheres do not connects

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Contralateral organization

Left visual field goes to right

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What 6 things does the left hemisphere do?

Logic, sequential, rational, analytical, objective, looks at parts

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What 6 things does right hemisphere do?

Random, intuitive, holistic, synthesizing, subjective, looks at wholes

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An object must be in the…. Before it can be named.

Right visual field

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Prosody

right hemisphere; syllables and larger units of speech such as emotion.

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Behaviorists

Believe language is just conditioned behavior

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Nativists

Language must be innate

Materialist

What happens in Brendan when people think/speak/write

Linguistics Universals theory

Characteristics that remain consistent across all languages of different colors

Universalism

Thought determnes language completely

What did Piaget believe about language?

Once could make thoughts then could make language about thoughts

What stage of Piaget's development is largely dominated by language?

Stage two

Vgotsky's belief about language

Language and thought are independent but eventually converge

Vgotsky believed that language and thought were learned to occur at the same time though

Socialization

Linguistic Determinism

Language has an influence on thought via different hypothesis

Weak Lingustic Deterinism (relativism)

language influences thought and makes it easier for us to think in certain ways

Linguistic relativism

Differences in language between cultures

Strong Linguistic Determinism

Language determines thought completely

Strong Linguistic theory is also known as

Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis

Nativist Perspective

Children are born with ability to learn language

The nativist perspective is associated with who

Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky though…

Humans had language acquisition device that allowed them to learn language

Issue with LAD

Assumes universal grammar

Critical period

LAD only operates during certain period (0-8) then will specialize in that language

Transformationalist Grammar

Different ways that words can be arranged to convey the same information

Language is an _____ ability

innate

Learning theory

children acquire language through operant conditioning (BF skinner)

Interaction isn't approach to language

Biological and Social factors interact in order to learn language (Vgotsky)

9-12 months language

babbling

12-18 months

One word per month

18-20 months

Explosion of language

2-3 years

Longer sentences

5 years

language largely mastered

Lexicon

set of vocabulary items; entire set of morphemes in a language

Lexical Access

identifying a word and connecting it to its meaning that was stored in long term memory

5 components of language

phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics

Phonology

phoenetic component/sound of language

Amount of phonemes in English

Categorical perception

Distinction between sounds

Morphology

Structure of words through morpheme building blocks

Semantics

Association of meaning with a word; broad meanings

Syntax

How words are put together in sentences; the way words are placed together to form language

Semantics response

n400

Syntax response

P600

Pragmatics

Dependence's of language on context and pre-existing knowledge

Pragmatics affected by

Prosody

rhythm, cadence, and inflection of our voices

Ease of learning a language depended

on culture complexity.