Behavior and genetics

Question 1

Behavioral genetics

Answer 1

looking at genetic or hardwiring component to behavior

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

passing traits from parents to offspring through genes

Question 3

Traits

Answer 3

distinguishing qualities and characteristics that compose us/our attributes

Question 4

Inherited Traits

Answer 4

Qualities passed down from parents to offspring

Question 5

Acquired Traits

Answer 5

Learned traits that come from experience with a person’s environment

Question 6

How many genes do we have?

Answer 6

20,000 to 25k genes

Question 7

Traits are controlled by

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

Genes

Answer 8

Individual units of heredity that can synthesize a protein

Question 9

Genetic material is

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 10

46

Question 11

Simple traits

Answer 11

Associated with a single gene and do not interact with environment

Question 12

Complex traits

Answer 12

genes interacting with each other and/or environment

Question 13

Temperament

Answer 13

characteristic emotional reactivity intensity (shyness)

Question 14

Temperament established when

Answer 14

before exposed to environment

Question 15

Is temperament persistent with age?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Personality is constant or persistent?

Answer 16

Constant

Question 17

Classical twin study

Answer 17

monozygotic vs dizygotic in same household

Question 18

Monozygotic twins

Answer 18

Share 100% of genes; egg splits into 2 after fertilization

Question 19

Dizygotic twins

Answer 19

Share 50% of genes; develop from 2 separate fertilized eggs

Question 20

Do regular siblings share similar environments 100% of time?

Answer 20

No, vary depending on age/womb/parenting styles

Question 21

Major issue with classical twin studies

Answer 21

monozygotic share even more of same environments

Question 22

Adoption studeies

Answer 22

adopted child is compared to biological family and adopted family to understand environmental impact

Question 23

If env plays a role in adoption studies…

Answer 23

adoptive child more similar to adoptive parents

Question 24

Problem with adoption studies

Answer 24

adoption not random

Question 25

Families who adopt are usually similar or different?

Answer 25

similar

Question 26

Heritability

Answer 26

Variability of traits can be attributed to differences in genes

Question 27

Heritability estimates define the amount of...

Answer 27

Variance that can be attributed to genes in specific subgroups of individuals

Question 28

Heritability equation

Answer 28

h^2

Question 29

Heritability is 100% when...

Answer 29

Environment is 100% the same

Question 30

As environments become more controlled...

Answer 30

Differences in behavioral traits tied to heritability

Question 31

More genetic variation....

Answer 31

Greater heritability

Question 32

Heritability is dependent on...

Answer 32

Population studied

Question 33

Heritability does NOT describe...

Answer 33

The amount of individuals with a specific gene or disorder

Question 34

Molecular Genetics

Answer 34

Looks at molecular structure and function of genes that may regulate our behaviour

Question 35

Central Dogma of molecular genetics scientists.

Answer 35

Watson and Crick

Question 36

Segments of DNA code for...

Answer 36

1 of 20 amino acids to eventually become proteins

Question 37

Proteins are an intermediate point between

Answer 37

Genes and behaviour

Question 38

Current outlook on genes and behaviour

Answer 38

Not as large of a role

Question 39

Gene regulation

Answer 39

Modulatory world of gene mapping

Question 40

Gene mapping has allowed forf...

Answer 40

Look at populations which share traits and look at genes coding for the,

Question 41

Most genes regulate

Answer 41

How our proteins are coded

Question 42

Epigenetics

Answer 42

Changes to gene expression resulting from changes other than to DNA sequence

Question 43

Methylation

Answer 43

Inhibits activation of certain genes and can override our behaviour

Question 44

Gene-Environment Interaction

Answer 44

Genes and environments effect our behaviour and role of gene and environment is dependent on each other

Question 45

Phenylketonuria

Answer 45

mutations to a gene that encodes PAH (liver enzyme) that causes brain issues but can be managed via a specific diet lacking phenylalanine

Question 46

Function of behaviour

Answer 46

Keep Homeostasis

Question 47

Ethology

Answer 47

observation of all animal behaviours

Question 48

Overt behaviours

Answer 48

observable; not obvious though

Question 49

Innate behavioural traits

Answer 49

genetically programmed behaviour

Question 50

Innate behaviour characteristics

Answer 50

Inherited, intrinsic, stereotypic, inflexible, and consumate

Question 51

Intrinsic

Answer 51

present even in isolation

Question 52

Stereotypic

Answer 52

performed same way each time

Question 53

Consummate

Answer 53

fully developed right away and not influenced by experience

Question 54

Consumate is is subject to change via

Answer 54

mutation and recombination

Question 55

3 motivations of innate behaviour

Answer 55

Reflexes, orientation behaviour, fixed-action patterns

Question 56

Reflexes

Answer 56

sensory and motor nerve loop response without thinking

Question 57

Orientation behaviours

Answer 57

regulating specially in our environments

Question 58

Fixed-Action pattern

Answer 58

Sequence of coordinated movement performed without interruption

Question 59

Learned Behaviour traits

Answer 59

persistent changes in our behaviour that result from our experiences

Question 60

Learned Behaviours Characteristics

Answer 60

Non-inherited, extrinsic, permutable, adaptable, progressive

Question 61

Permutable

Answer 61

pattern/sequence that is changeable

Question 62

Complex Behaviour

Answer 62

combination of innate and learned behaviour (relationship between genes and environment in adaptatopn )

Question 63

Covert Behaviour

Answer 63

Not observable