Language of Anatomy - Lab 1 Flashcards
Locate body planes, identify directional terms, and identify abdominopelvic quadrants, learn organ systems and their functions
Superior
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body.
Ex. The head is superior to the abdomen.
Inferior
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body.
Ex. The navel is inferior to the chin
Anterior
toward or at the front of the body.
Ex. The breast bone is anterior to the spine
Posterior
toward or at the back of the body
Ex. The heart is posterior to the breast bone.
Medial
toward or at the midline of the body.
Ex. the heart is medial to the arm
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of.
Ex. the arms are lateral to the chest
Cephalic/Rostral
toward the front or top of the head
Caudal
At or near the tail or posterior of the body, away from the head
Dorsal
towards the back of the body, similar to posterior
ventral
toward or at the front of the body, similar to anterior
Sagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Midsagittal plane
A vertical sagittal plane that lies exactly at the midline
Parasagittal Plane
All other vertical sagittal planes that are offset from the midline
Frontal/Coronal Plane
lie vertically, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse/horizontal Plane
Runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. A transverse section is also called called a cross section.
ipsilateral
Structures on the same side of the body or brain, left or right.
Contralateral
Structures on the opposite sides of the body.
relating to the side of the body opposite to that a structure or condition occurs
Proximal
Situated nearer to the center of the body, towards the midsagittal plane
Distal
Away from or the farthest from the center of the body
Going away from the midsagittal plane
Superficial
On the surface or shallow. One structure is more external than another.
Ex. The skin is superficial to the muscles
Deep
Structures closer to the interior center of the body, away from the surface or further into the body.
The bones are deep compared to the skin.
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Location: Right of midline, superior to transverse plane through navel
The upper right lateral area of abdominopelvic cavity.
Contents: right kidney and suprarenal gland, gallbladder, and parts of liver, stomach, pancreas, and small and large intestines.
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Location: Right of midline, inferior to transverse plane through navel. The lower right lateral area of abdominopelvic cavity.
Contents: Parts of small intestine, large intestine (including cecum and vermiform appendix), urinary bladder (when distended), and right uterine tube and ovary
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Location: Left of midline, superior to transverse plane through navel. Upper left lateral area of abdominopelvic cavity.
Contents: Spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, parts of liver, stomach, pancreas, and small and large intestines.
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Location: Left of midline, inferior to transverse plane through navel. Lower left latteral area of abdominopelvic category.
Contents: Parts of small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder (when distended), and left uterine tube and ovary.
Integumentary System
Major organs: Epidermis and Dermis
Functions: Physical barrier, protection of underlying structures. The dermis supports epidermis, receives sensory stimuli, and regulates body temperature.
Skeletal System
Major bones: Skull and Vertebral Column. Also consists of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and more bones.
Functions: Supports the body, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells.
Muscular System
Functions: Mobility, maintain body posture, support soft tisses, maintain body temperature, aids in circulation and digestion
Nervous System
Major organs: Brain and Spinal Cord
Functions: The brain is the seat of consciousness, intelligence, learning, emotion, and memory. The spinal cord is continuous with the brain.
Endocrine System
Major organs: Kidney, Thyroid gland, Ovaries/Testes
Function: Creates and regulates hormones for body
Lymphatic/Immune System
Major Organs: Lymph nodes, Spleen
Function: Produces immune cells, removes cell waste, absorbing digestive fats.
Respiratory System
Major Organ: Lungs
Function: Remove waste gas, delivers oxygen.
Digestive System
Major organs: Large intestine, oral cavity, small intestine, stomach
Functions: Absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food.
Urinary System
Major organs: Kidneys, bladder
Function: Filter blood and remove waste
Male/Female Reproductive System
Major organs: Ovaries and Testes
Function: produce gametes and hormones.
