Language of Anatomy - Lab 1

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body.

Ex. The head is superior to the abdomen.

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body.

Ex. The navel is inferior to the chin

Question 3

Anterior

Answer 3

toward or at the front of the body.

Ex. The breast bone is anterior to the spine

Question 4

Posterior

Answer 4

toward or at the back of the body

Ex. The heart is posterior to the breast bone.

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

toward or at the midline of the body.

Ex. the heart is medial to the arm

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of.

Ex. the arms are lateral to the chest

Question 7

Cephalic/Rostral

Answer 7

toward the front or top of the head

Question 8

Caudal

Answer 8

At or near the tail or posterior of the body, away from the head

Question 9

Dorsal

Answer 9

towards the back of the body, similar to posterior

Question 10

ventral

Answer 10

toward or at the front of the body, similar to anterior

Question 11

Sagittal Plane

Answer 11

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Question 12

Midsagittal plane

Answer 12

A vertical sagittal plane that lies exactly at the midline

Question 13

Parasagittal Plane

Answer 13

All other vertical sagittal planes that are offset from the midline

Question 14

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Answer 14

lie vertically, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 15

Transverse/horizontal Plane

Answer 15

Runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. A transverse section is also called called a cross section.

Question 16

ipsilateral

Answer 16

Structures on the same side of the body or brain, left or right.

Question 17

Contralateral

Answer 17

Structures on the opposite sides of the body.

relating to the side of the body opposite to that a structure or condition occurs

Question 18

Proximal

Answer 18

Situated nearer to the center of the body, towards the midsagittal plane

Question 19

Distal

Answer 19

Away from or the farthest from the center of the body

Going away from the midsagittal plane

Question 20

Superficial

Answer 20

On the surface or shallow. One structure is more external than another.

Ex. The skin is superficial to the muscles

Question 21

Deep

Answer 21

Structures closer to the interior center of the body, away from the surface or further into the body.

The bones are deep compared to the skin.

Question 22

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Answer 22

Location: Right of midline, superior to transverse plane through navel
The upper right lateral area of abdominopelvic cavity.

Contents: right kidney and suprarenal gland, gallbladder, and parts of liver, stomach, pancreas, and small and large intestines.

Question 23

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Answer 23

Location: Right of midline, inferior to transverse plane through navel. The lower right lateral area of abdominopelvic cavity.

Contents: Parts of small intestine, large intestine (including cecum and vermiform appendix), urinary bladder (when distended), and right uterine tube and ovary

Question 24

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Answer 24

Location: Left of midline, superior to transverse plane through navel. Upper left lateral area of abdominopelvic cavity.

Contents: Spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, parts of liver, stomach, pancreas, and small and large intestines.

Question 25

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Answer 25

Location: Left of midline, inferior to transverse plane through navel. Lower left latteral area of abdominopelvic category.

Contents: Parts of small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder (when distended), and left uterine tube and ovary.

Question 26

Integumentary System

Answer 26

Major organs: Epidermis and Dermis

Functions: Physical barrier, protection of underlying structures. The dermis supports epidermis, receives sensory stimuli, and regulates body temperature.

Question 27

Skeletal System

Answer 27

Major bones: Skull and Vertebral Column. Also consists of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and more bones.

Functions: Supports the body, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells.

Question 28

Muscular System

Answer 28

Functions: Mobility, maintain body posture, support soft tisses, maintain body temperature, aids in circulation and digestion

Question 29

Nervous System

Answer 29

Major organs: Brain and Spinal Cord

Functions: The brain is the seat of consciousness, intelligence, learning, emotion, and memory. The spinal cord is continuous with the brain.

Question 30

Endocrine System

Answer 30

Major organs: Kidney, Thyroid gland, Ovaries/Testes

Function: Creates and regulates hormones for body

Question 31

Lymphatic/Immune System

Answer 31

Major Organs: Lymph nodes, Spleen

Function: Produces immune cells, removes cell waste, absorbing digestive fats.

Question 32

Respiratory System

Answer 32

Major Organ: Lungs

Function: Remove waste gas, delivers oxygen.

Question 33

Digestive System

Answer 33

Major organs: Large intestine, oral cavity, small intestine, stomach

Functions: Absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food.

Question 34

Urinary System

Answer 34

Major organs: Kidneys, bladder

Function: Filter blood and remove waste

Question 35

Male/Female Reproductive System

Answer 35

Major organs: Ovaries and Testes

Function: produce gametes and hormones.