Language level 2: Grammar Flashcards
morphology
the study of word formation
syntax
the study of how words form latger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences
descriptive
taking an approach to language study that focuses on how language is actually used
prescriptive
taking an approach to language study that focuses on rules and notions of correctness
prefix
ab- anti- de- ex- inter- pre- semi- trans- uni-
root
a morpheme (come, -ing that can stand on its own (come) and can usually form a word in its own right
suffix
a morpheme that comes after a root word to modify its meaning (e.g. -ation, -fy, -ing, -itis )
prefix
a morpheme that goes before a root word to modify uts meaning
affix
overall term for an addition to a root (prefix/ suffix) to modify its meaning or create a new word (e.g. abso-blooming-lutely)
inflectional function
the way that an affix shows a grammatical category such as a verb tense or plural noun
derivational function
the way that an affix helps form a new word by attaching itself to a root
noun phrase
a group of words built around a noun
verb phrase
a group of words built around a head (main) verb
head word
the main noun in the phrase
pre-modifier
a word that goes before the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it
qualifier
an additional word or phrase that adds some further detail or clarify some aspect of it
post-modifier
a word that comes after the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it
auxiliary verb
a verb that determines the mood, tense, voice, or aspect of another verb in a verb phrase (to be, to have, to do)
primary auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show tense
modal auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show the degree of commitment towards an event or person that a speaker holds
- Liverpool SHOULD beat Man City
- Liverpool WILL beat Man City
- Liverpool MIGHT beat Man City
- Liverpool MUST beat Man City
Clauses
groups of words centred around a verb phrase
coordination
the joining of 2 clauses that gives them equal weighting
subordination
the joining of 2 clauses that gives 1 clause (main clause) more weighting than another clause- or clauses (the subordinate clause(s))
adverbial clause
a subordinate clause that functions as an adverbial
