Language in the media

Question 1

transactional function

Answer 1

to get something you want

Question 2

relational function

Answer 2

focuses on developing relationships

Question 3

power in discourse

Answer 3

power relationships

Question 4

power behind discourse

Answer 4

hierarchal social structures

Question 5

influential power

Answer 5

those who wish to influence you

Question 6

instrumental power

Answer 6

those who have power due to their social position

Question 7

personal power

Answer 7

invested by occupation or role

Question 7

political power

Answer 7

invested by law

Question 8

social group power

Answer 8

invested by social attributes e.g age, gender etc

Question 9

Stages of synthetic personalisation:
1.

Answer 9

building relationships through personalisation e.g personal pronouns

Question 10

Stages of synthetic personalisation:
2.

Answer 10

manipulation of members resources e.g cultural references

Question 11

Stages of synthetic personalisation:
3.

Answer 11

building the consumer into the ideal receiver e.g ideological messages conveyed through picture or language

Question 12

Factors that underpin asymmetrical power:

Answer 12

gender
profession
age
social status in a group

Question 13

Sociolinguists:
Trudgill (1974)

Answer 13

found that men in norwich used more non standard grammar than women.
men claimed to use more and women claimed to use less even when this was not the case in practice.

Question 14

Sociolinguists:
Eisikovits (1998)

Answer 14

conducted a study of Australian teens in two working class groups of age 14 and age 16
younger group used non standard grammar equally but older group used them differently - males increased their use and females used more standard grammar

Question 15

Sociolinguists:
Lakoff (1975)

Answer 15

identified the following features as more common in female speech than male:
-tag questions
-more polite forms
-avoidance of taboo lexis
-hedges and fillers

Question 16

Sociolinguists:
Zimmerman and West (1975)

Answer 16

suggested men interrupt more than women due to social domination of men and socialised constructions of gender norms

Question 17

Sociolinguists:
Tannen, Holmes and Weatherall

Answer 17

men vs women
status vs support
advice vs understanding
information vs feeling
orders vs proposal
conflicts vs compromise
independence vs intimacy

Question 18

Sociolinguists:
Halliday

Answer 18

Ideational metafunction
- who and whom
-processes
-when, where, how, circumstances

Question 19

anchoring

Answer 19

using two modes to reinforce eachother

Question 20

Semiotics:

Answer 20

written
audio/sound
visual
gestural
spatial
multimodal