Language Files Chapter 4 Morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

bound morphemes that attach to a stem

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes. morphemes are joined together loosely so that it is easy to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

one of a set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

the morphological process that uses morpheme- internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form (word or string of words) can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order i.e. Chinese, Vietnamese

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes - never existing as a word itself i.e. un clean (affixes that must be attached to the word)

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right i.e. re ceive, dis suade

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

process of forming words by combining two or more independent words

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a lexical category that consist of function words such as and, but, however

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function)

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

a word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

a morphological process that changes a word’s lexical category or it’s meaning in some predictable way

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual from individual segments to strings of words

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

the type of morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves i.e. friend, boy, tree

Question 19

functional morpheme

Answer 19

morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words on a sentence. i.e. he, she, we, but, nor

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

the dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

the phenomenon by which 2 or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form i,e. sound the same

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

a type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.

Question 27

input

Answer 27

the linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

class of words grouped together based om morphological properties - traditionally known as part of speech

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties. As part of a description not mental, grammar, the lexicon is the representation of the mental lexicon consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expressions

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

the smallest meaningful unit (linguistic unit) in the grammar of language

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

the study of structure of the words and word formation. (constructed out of morphemes)

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

lexical category in to which new members are often introduced

Question 33

output

Answer 33

the linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or set of rules

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

morphological reduplication in which only part or a morpheme is reduplicated

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

a type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

name of a lexical category and a synactic category that consist of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc. Synactically, this category consist of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositonal phrase

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

describes a morpheme or rule (such as a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem) that can be used to produce novel grammatical forms

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

the name of a lexical category that consist of words such as I, she, us, etc. Syntactically, pronouns belong to the category noun phrase

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

the morpheme or part of the morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word (total reduplication) or part of a word (partial reduplication)

Question 42

simultaneous affix

Answer 42

an affix that is articulated at the same time as other affix or affixes in a word’s stem- Exists only in visual- gestural languages

Question 43

root

Answer 43

root words are the basic part of a word that carries meaning

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

stem is when a root morpheme is combined with a affix morpheme

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

affix that attaches to the end of a stem

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

a morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically derived from the other