Language Characteristics of children with language-learning disabilities

Question 1

phonology (speech sounds)

Answer 1

25% show early delayed speech development

1) phonological awareness (sunshine= sun + shine)
2) speech perception (pop vs. mop)
3) phonological memory (usally up to 7 words)
4) complex phonological production (multisyllabic words)

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

goes under phonology, difficulty with comprehending and writing complex sentences

1) spoken vs. written (see error rates in writing more than their speech)
2) adjectival clauses (describes the noun)
3) adverbial clauses (modifies verb)
4) Noun clauses
5) multiple use of dependent clause
6) passive voice
7) negation (usually more polite)
8) Nominalization (substitute one grammatical class for another- take verb and make it a noun)

Question 3

Morphology

Answer 3

usually verb phonology is resolved by age 8 but can still have difficulty with advanced prefixes and suffixes

Question 4

Semantics

Answer 4

have small vocabularies (is it the chicken or the egg…learning disabled because of small vocab?)
difficulty with- organizing vocab, multiple meaning words, meaning shading (warm, tepid, hot), abstract words, word retrieval, figurative language, integrating meaning across sentences, increasingly dense lexicalizations (how dense vocab is)

Question 5

Pragmatics - Oral Style

Answer 5

Oral Style
1) limited verbal fluency, 2) disruptions, 3) sometimes less socially appropriate 4) see more physical communication 5) less responsive to verbal invites to communication 6) less able to adjust to age, status, or familiarity of listeners 7) these issues are not related to abilities in other areas.

(DrS. PLAN Vacations)

Question 6

Pragmatics - Narratives

Answer 6

need to account for any cultural/linguistic differences

1) difficulty with literal and inferential comprehension
2) Difficulty in recalling stories
3) Fewer internal responses/evaluative remarks (he must have felt angry)
4) less attention to characters feelings and motivations

Question 7

Pragmatics - Literate Styles

Answer 7

1) expository text characteristics
2) argumentative/persuasive texts (argumentative= religions texts; persuasive texts= no info on those with learning disabilities)

Question 8

Pragmatics - Social and Emotional Characteristics

Answer 8

) less accepted by peers,

2) poor social skills
3) higher risk at problem behaviors
4) slower to regulate and develop emotion knowledge
5) more depression and loneliness

Question 9

SLP’s role in literacy development

Answer 9

1) Build a language base
- be able to use morphemes, have pragmatic skills, syntax structure, phonological rules
2) Influence reading instruction
- PUSH IN or PULL OUT (be involved in classroom)
3) help develop and assist with emergent (emergency) literacy interaction
- how do they handle a book, do they know cover, title, words, author, books, etc.

FAMILY LITERACY QUESTIONNAIRE can help with gaining an understanding

Question 10

Pragmatics

Answer 10

Oral Style, Narratives, Literate Styles, Social and Emotional Characteristics.