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language change terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Diachronic Variation

A

language change overtime

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2
Q

Synchronic Variation

A

study of language at a particular point in time

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3
Q

Prescriptivism

A

prescriptivists believe that language should follow strict rules and guidelines.

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4
Q

Descriptivism

A

descriptivists believe the function of language should be considered when analysing it’s use

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5
Q

Lexical Change

A

how vocab/lexis changes over time

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6
Q

Neologisms

A

new words of expressions

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7
Q

Borrowing

A

a word taken from another language

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8
Q

External factor

A

factors outside of language itself that influences language changes

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9
Q

Internal factor

A

factors within language that influences it’s changes

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10
Q

Acronym

A

phrases abbreviated to the first letters - pronounced as a full word

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11
Q

Initialism

A

phrases/names abbreviated to the first letters - pronounced as the first letters

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12
Q

Blending

A

joining the beginning of one word and the end of another to make a new word with a new meaning

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13
Q

Compounding

A

2 words combined to create new one with new meaning

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14
Q

Infix

A

morpheme added to the middle of a word or phrase to adapt to the meaning

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15
Q

Prefix

A

morpheme added to the beginning of a word to change meaning (eg. preschool). sets of prefixes often have the same meaning to apply to a range of words

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16
Q

Suffix

A

morpheme added to the end of a word to change meaning (eg. heartless). sets of suffixes often have the same meaning to apply to a range of words

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17
Q

Libfix

A

half a compound word is used as a suffix to create new meaning (eg. -gate -> watergate)

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18
Q

Amelioration

A

development of a positive meaning

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19
Q

Pejoration

A

development of a negative meaning - depreciating

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20
Q

Coinage

A

newly invented terms earn the respect to become mainstream

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21
Q

Eponym

A

when something is named after another thing/person/place

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22
Q

Back-formation

A

prefixes or suffixes are removed from existing words

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23
Q

Semantic reclamation

A

oppressed group redefines a slur, using it in their own context to empower themselves

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24
Q

Semantic change

A

the meaning of a word changes over time

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25
Broadening
the meaning of a word broadens to cover other things
26
Hegemonic
dominant in social or political contexts
27
Narrowing
meaning of a word is narrowing to suit specific things
28
Inflection
the change in the form of a word - usually the addition of endings to make factors like tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case apparent
29
Object
he thing/person that the action is done to
30
Subject
the person or thing performing the action
31
Intonation
phonetic emphasis on morphemes to create tonal meaning
32
Inkhorn terms
a loanword, or a word coined from existing roots, which is deemed to be unnecessary or over-pretentious.
33
Neosemy
a word gains a new meaning
34
Orthography
the art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage
35
CMC - computer meditated communication
any human communication that occurs through the use of two or more electronic devices.
36
Language reform
a kind of language planning by widespread change to a language
37
Political correctness
new form and attitude to language that aims to clear offensive language from lexis.
38
Clause of condition
subordinate clauses that refer to a hypothetical situation (eg. if you do that again, ...)
39
Standardisation
language becoming standardised to the collective
40
Sticklerism
inflexible adherence to rules.
41
Intertextuality
referencing other texts
42
Conversion/ functional shift
43
First language
primary language most commonly used by an individual
44
Second language
language that is used less often by an individual - often to accommodate to others, applying bilingualism to the individuals lexis
45
Pidgin
46
Acrolect
47
Basilect
48
Mesolect
49
Endonormative
50
Exonormative
51
Retroflex
52
Schwa
53
Stress-timed
54
Syllable-based
55
Dialect
56
Accent
57
Sociolect
an individuals dialect accomodated to social settings
58
Idiolect
59
Synonym
words that have the same meaning
60
Antonym
words with contrasting meaning
61
Affixation
62
Triglossia

English: language change (5 decks)

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