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English: language change > language change terminology > Flashcards

language change terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Diachronic Variation

A

language change overtime

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2
Q

Synchronic Variation

A

study of language at a particular point in time

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3
Q

Prescriptivism

A

prescriptivists believe that language should follow strict rules and guidelines.

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4
Q

Descriptivism

A

descriptivists believe the function of language should be considered when analysing it’s use

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5
Q

Lexical Change

A

how vocab/lexis changes over time

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6
Q

Neologisms

A

new words of expressions

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7
Q

Borrowing

A

a word taken from another language

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8
Q

External factor

A

factors outside of language itself that influences language changes

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9
Q

Internal factor

A

factors within language that influences it’s changes

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10
Q

Acronym

A

phrases abbreviated to the first letters - pronounced as a full word

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11
Q

Initialism

A

phrases/names abbreviated to the first letters - pronounced as the first letters

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12
Q

Blending

A

joining the beginning of one word and the end of another to make a new word with a new meaning

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13
Q

Compounding

A

2 words combined to create new one with new meaning

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14
Q

Infix

A

morpheme added to the middle of a word or phrase to adapt to the meaning

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15
Q

Prefix

A

morpheme added to the beginning of a word to change meaning (eg. preschool). sets of prefixes often have the same meaning to apply to a range of words

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16
Q

Suffix

A

morpheme added to the end of a word to change meaning (eg. heartless). sets of suffixes often have the same meaning to apply to a range of words

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17
Q

Libfix

A

half a compound word is used as a suffix to create new meaning (eg. -gate -> watergate)

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18
Q

Amelioration

A

development of a positive meaning

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19
Q

Pejoration

A

development of a negative meaning - depreciating

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20
Q

Coinage

A

newly invented terms earn the respect to become mainstream

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21
Q

Eponym

A

when something is named after another thing/person/place

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22
Q

Back-formation

A

prefixes or suffixes are removed from existing words

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23
Q

Semantic reclamation

A

oppressed group redefines a slur, using it in their own context to empower themselves

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24
Q

Semantic change

A

the meaning of a word changes over time

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25
Q

Broadening

A

the meaning of a word broadens to cover other things

26
Q

Hegemonic

A

dominant in social or political contexts

27
Q

Narrowing

A

meaning of a word is narrowing to suit specific things

28
Q

Inflection

A

the change in the form of a word - usually the addition of endings to make factors like tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case apparent

29
Q

Object

A

he thing/person that the action is done to

30
Q

Subject

A

the person or thing performing the action

31
Q

Intonation

A

phonetic emphasis on morphemes to create tonal meaning

32
Q

Inkhorn terms

A

a loanword, or a word coined from existing roots, which is deemed to be unnecessary or over-pretentious.

33
Q

Neosemy

A

a word gains a new meaning

34
Q

Orthography

A

the art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage

35
Q

CMC - computer meditated communication

A

any human communication that occurs through the use of two or more electronic devices.

36
Q

Language reform

A

a kind of language planning by widespread change to a language

37
Q

Political correctness

A

new form and attitude to language that aims to clear offensive language from lexis.

38
Q

Clause of condition

A

subordinate clauses that refer to a hypothetical situation (eg. if you do that again, …)

39
Q

Standardisation

A

language becoming standardised to the collective

40
Q

Sticklerism

A

inflexible adherence to rules.

41
Q

Intertextuality

A

referencing other texts

42
Q

Conversion/ functional shift

A
43
Q

First language

A

primary language most commonly used by an individual

44
Q

Second language

A

language that is used less often by an individual - often to accommodate to others, applying bilingualism to the individuals lexis

45
Q

Pidgin

A
46
Q

Acrolect

A
47
Q

Basilect

A
48
Q

Mesolect

A
49
Q

Endonormative

A
50
Q

Exonormative

A
51
Q

Retroflex

A
52
Q

Schwa

A
53
Q

Stress-timed

A
54
Q

Syllable-based

A
55
Q

Dialect

A
56
Q

Accent

A
57
Q

Sociolect

A

an individuals dialect accomodated to social settings

58
Q

Idiolect

A
59
Q

Synonym

A

words that have the same meaning

60
Q

Antonym

A

words with contrasting meaning

61
Q

Affixation

A
62
Q

Triglossia

A

English: language change (5 decks)

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