Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eng Lang > Language Change > Flashcards

Language Change Flashcards

1
Q

What is a word that has died out?

A

Archaisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a word that is not used as much as it used to?

A

Dated Lexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a new word?

A

Neologisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the process where words are invented?

A

Coining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of coining?

A

‘Haagen Dasz”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the process where new words are made up of two or more existing words?

A

Compounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are examples of compounding?

A

“Whiteboard” “Housewife” “Catfish” “Keyboard”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the process where new words are mixed together to create a word?

A

Blending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are examples of blending?

A

“Spork” “Brunch” “Motel” “Smog” “Helipad”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the process where new words are formed from parts of existing words?

A

Clipping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are examples of clipping?

A

“Rehab” “Ref” “Pro” “Rhino” “Uni”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the process where new words are formed from the initial letters of other words?

A

Acronyms and initialisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples of acronyms and initialisms?

A

“HIV” “AIDS”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the process where new words are formed by adding a prefix or suffix to an existing word?

A

Affixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of Affixation?

A

“Asexual” “Atheist” “Supermarket” “Crackhead” “Petrolhead”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the process where words from foreign languages are used in English?

A

Borrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the process where proper nouns are used to name discoveries/inventions or brand names becoming generic?

A

Eponyms

18
Q

What are examples of eponyms?

A

“Sharpie” “Hoover” “Coke” “Lego” “Tom-Tom”

19
Q

What is the process where words meanings change from one meaning to another called?

A

Semantic shift

20
Q

What is an example of semantic shift?

A

“Gay”- meaning went from “colourful” to “happy” and now to “homosexual”

21
Q

What is the process where a words meaning used to mean a bad thing and now means a good thing?

A

Amelioration

22
Q

What are examples of amelioration?

A

“Boy” used to mean servant, now refers to a male child.
“Nice” used to mean foolish, now means pleasant.
“Naughty” used to mean evil, now means a disobedient child.

23
Q

What is the process where words used to mean a good thing and now means a bad thing?

A

Perjoration

24
Q

What are examples of perjoration?

A

“Notorious” used to mean worth paying attention to, now it means famous for bad reasons.

25
Q

What is the process where a word’s meaning becomes more specific or restricted?

A

Semantic narrowing

26
Q

What are examples of semantic narrowing?

A

“Meat” used to mean all food. Now it just means flesh derived from an animal.

27
Q

What is the process where a word’s meaning changes to be less specific or restricted?

A

Semantic broadening

28
Q

What are examples of semantic broadening?

A

“Troll” used to mean a mythological creature, now it is someone who bullies on the internet.

29
Q

What is the process where prepositions frequently change their meanings?

A

Prepositional drift

30
Q

What is an example of preposition drift?

A

“A game AT chess” rather than “a game OF chess”

31
Q

What is an example of borrowing?

A

“Ketchup” (China)
“Barbecue” (Caribbean)
“Safari” (Arabic)

32
Q

What is syntax change?

A

The changes in the order that words and phrases come in

33
Q

What does modern syntax look like?

A

Subject-Verb-(Object-Adverbial-Complement)
Main Clause-Subordinate Clause
Adjective-Noun
Negator-Verb

34
Q

What is displacement?

A

When the order of a word in a sentence is unusual

35
Q

What is an example of displaced adjectives?

A

“I saw the leaders great and good”. In contemporary English, we would say “I saw the great and good leaders.”

36
Q

What is an example of a displaced complement?

A

“Strong was he” In contemporary English, we would say “He was strong.”

37
Q

What is a displaced negator?

A

In Contemporary English, negators tend to come before the verb they’re negating. In older texts, they often come afterwards.

38
Q

What is an example of a displaced negator?

A

“She likes it not.” In contemporary English, we tend to say “She does not like it.

39
Q

What is inversion?

A

If two words have been swapped over. “The X and Y are inverted.”

40
Q

What is an example of inversion?

A

“said he.”” In contemporary English, we would say “he said.”

41
Q

What are median adverbials?

A

Adverbials in contemporary English are usually placed at the start or the end of a sentence. They’re rarely found in the middle of a sentence. Sometimes we use them in contemporary English.

42
Q

What is an example of a median adverbial?

A

“I for you shall do this.” In contemporary English, we would say “I shall do this for you.”

Eng Lang (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions