Language As A System Vocabulary

Question 1

Morpheme

Answer 1

A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts. This includes prefixes and suffixes.

write, cat, laugh, box

Question 2

Phoneme

Answer 2

the smallest individual sounds in a word

The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.

Question 3

Root

Answer 3

Base words to which prefixes, suffixes, and syllables can be added

Question 4

Suffix

Answer 4

A letter or letters at the end of a root word that changes its meaning

s, es, ed, ing, ly, er, or, ion, tion, able, and ible

Question 5

Uncountable Noun

Answer 5

nouns that do not have a quantity that can be determined using numbers

water, love, safety

Question 6

Antonyms

Answer 6

words with the opposite meanings

hot/cold; and big/little

Question 7

Varying Labels

Answer 7

multiple ways to refer to the same thing

dress and jumper; sneakers and tennis shoes

Question 8

Aspect

Answer 8

words that determine if the statement is referring to a single action, a repeated or regular action, or a progressive/ongoing state or action

will have talked vs. will be talking

Question 9

Phonetics

Answer 9

the sounds of human speech

Question 10

Formal Register

Answer 10

a proper way of speaking used in professional and academic settings

She used a formal register when on a conference call with her boss.

Question 11

Connector

Answer 11

word that relates words, phrases, or clauses to each other

if, so that, therefore, however

Question 12

Countable Nouns

Answer 12

nouns that have a quantity that can be determined using numbers

potatoes, clients, buildings

Question 13

Orthography

Answer 13

Spelling patterns of language

Question 14

Hyponyms

Answer 14

words that fall under a more general term

Hyponyms for clothes are sweater, pants, shirt, etc.

Question 15

Word Order (Syntax)

Answer 15

in a basic declarative statement in English, the subject comes first, followed by the verb, and then by the objects and adverbial phrases, if there are any

He went to the store yesterday.

Question 16

Register

Answer 16

the degree of formality with which one speaks

People speak in a formal or informal register depending on the situation.

Question 17

Language Function

Answer 17

the different uses of a particular language

An advertisement has the function to persuade us to purchase a product.

Question 18

Oral Language

Answer 18

The system that relates sounds to meanings through communicating by word of mouth.

Question 19

Phonology

Answer 19

the systematic organization of sounds in languages

Question 20

Meronyms

Answer 20

words that are part of a more general term

Meronyms for pants are pockets, zipper, cuff, etc.

Question 21

Pragmatics

Answer 21

The study of language in use, not in its structure; or the appropriate use of language.

Question 22

Morphology

Answer 22

The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.

The word “bicycles” is made up of three individual morphemes. The prefix bi-, the stem cycle, and the suffix -s.

Question 23

Frozen Register

Answer 23

a proper way of speaking that does not change over time

The Pledge of Allegiance is an example of frozen register.

Question 24

Determiner

Answer 24

words that provide information about nouns; vital for forming meaningful statements or questions

a, an, the, this, that, my, your, some, many

Question 25

Informal Register

Answer 25

a casual way of speaking used in settings with family and friends He used an informal register when watching the game with his friends.

Question 26

Punctuation

Answer 26

marks, such as period, comma, and parentheses, used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and to clarify meaning. period

Question 27

Language Register

Answer 27

the degree of formality with which one speaks People speak in a formal or informal register depending on the situation.

Question 28

Idiom

Answer 28

a phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words "Break a leg" "back to the drawing board" "spill the beans"

Question 29

Tense

Answer 29

words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak.

Question 30

Semantics

Answer 30

The study of word or symbol meaning. "love" which has many different meanings in English Literal vs figurative meaning of "Raining cats and dogs"

Question 31

Homonyms

Answer 31

words that share the same spelling or pronunciation, but have different meanings fly (insect/action of a bird or plane); park (open space in nature/stopping a car in a certain spot)

Question 32

Bound Morpheme

Answer 32

type of morpheme that can appear only as part of a larger word Prefixes such as pre-, dis-, in-, un-, and suffixes such as -ful, -ment, -ly, -ise are bound morphemes.

Question 33

Prefix

Answer 33

A letter or letters at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning re, de, un

Question 34

Syntax

Answer 34

Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.

Question 35

Affix

Answer 35

A letter or letters that change a root word's meaning prefixes or suffixes

Question 36

Derivational Affix

Answer 36

an affix that changes the root or base word into a new word When the derivational affix, "ful" is added to the noun, beauty, the word "beautiful" forms, meaning full of beauty.

Question 37

Minimal Pairs

Answer 37

phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish save/safe; pass/path

Question 38

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

Answer 38

Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Question 39

Limited Vocabulary

Answer 39

smaller or more restricted bank of words than is typical Student says "that one" instead of referring to item by specific name.

Question 40

Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation

Answer 40

the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words “Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”

Question 41

Discourse Markers

Answer 41

words or phrases that connect parts of writing or speech firstly, meanwhile, too, also, likewise, however, thankfully, especially

Question 42

Discourse

Answer 42

the function of language in a social context Some languages are inferential while others are direct.

Question 43

Synonyms

Answer 43

words with the same or a similar meaning angry/mad/furious; bad/evil/immoral/tainted; and fast/quick/rapid.

Question 44

Language Acquisition

Answer 44

the process by which individuals learn a language

Question 45

False Cognates

Answer 45

words from different languages that look and sound alike, but have different meanings The Spanish word "sopa" looks and sounds like the English word "soap," but its English translation is "soup."

Question 46

Pronunciation

Answer 46

the specific way a word is verbally produced Students having a difficult time being understood by their peers may need to practice their pronunciation of certain words.

Question 47

Free Morpheme / Unbound Morpheme

Answer 47

type of morpheme that can stand alone or can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme Simple words (i.e. words made up of one free morpheme, such as the, run, on, etc.) and compound words (i.e. words made up of two free morphemes, such as keyboard, greenhouse, etc.) are free morphemes.

Question 48

Inflectional Affix

Answer 48

an affix that changes the form of the root or base word The inflectional affix, "ed" changes a verb to the past tense.