Language Aquisition

Question 1

innate

Answer 1

determined by factors present from birth

Question 2

innateness hypothesis

Answer 2

a hypothesis that humans are generally predisposed to learn and use language

Question 3

imitation theory

Answer 3

child lang acquisition theory that claims that children acquire lang by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear

Question 4

reinforcement theory

Answer 4

theory of child lang acquisition which says that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded, or otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong forms

Question 5

active construction of grammar

Answer 5

theory of child lang which says that children acquire a lang by inventing rules of grammar based on the speech around them

Question 6

connectionist theory

Answer 6

theory if lang acquisition which claims that children learn lang through neural connections in the brain. a child develops such connections through exposure to lang and by using lang

Question 7

social interaction theory

Answer 7

theory of lang acquisition that claims the children learn lang through social interaction in particular with olde learning children and adults and prompt their caregivers to supply them with the appropriate lang experience they need

Question 8

linguistic universal

Answer 8

property believed to be held in common by all natural lang

Question 9

universal grammar

Answer 9

theory that posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural lang

Question 10

critical period

Answer 10

age span, usually described as lasting from birth to the onset of puberty, during which children must have exposure to lang and must build the critical brain structures necessary in order to gain native speaker competence in lang

Question 11

neglected children

Answer 11

a child who is neglected by caretakers, often resulting in significantly lower exposure to lang as a child

Question 12

feral children

Answer 12

child who grew up in the wild without care by human adults often with animals

Question 13

homesign

Answer 13

a rudimentary visual-gestural communication system that is developed and used by deaf children and their families when a signed lang is not made available for their communication

Question 14

child-directed speech

Answer 14

speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants

Question 15

high amplitude sucking

Answer 15

experimental tech used to study sound discimrnations in infants from birth to about 6 months

Question 16

conditioned head turn

Answer 16

experimental tech usually used with infants between 5-18 months with 2 phases conditioning and testing

Question 17

voice onset time

Answer 17

the length of time between the release of a consonant and the k set of voicing that is when the vocal folds start vibrating

Question 18

articulators gestures

Answer 18

a movement of a speech organ in the production of speech

Question 19

babble

Answer 19

a phrase in child lang acquisition during which the child produced meaningless sequences of consonants and vowels starts at 6 months

Question 20

canonical babbling

Answer 20

the continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like (mamamam) by infants

Question 21

variegated babbling

Answer 21

production of meaningless consonant vowel sequences by infants

Question 22

holophrastic stage

Answer 22

stage in first lang acquisition during which child can produce one word at a time

Question 23

holophrase

Answer 23

a one word sentence

Question 24

telegraphic

Answer 24

a phrase during child lang acquisition in which situation in which chcikdren use utterances composed primafrily of content words

Question 25

overgeneralization

Answer 25

in the study of child lang acquisition a relationship between child and adult perceptions of word meaning the child’s application of a given word had a wider range than the application of the same word in adult lang

Question 26

complexive concept

Answer 26

a term used in the study of child lang acquisition a group of items that a child refers to with a single word for which it is not possible to single out any one unifying property

Question 27

overrxtension

Answer 27

the child’s application of a given word had a wider range than the application of the same word in adult lang

Question 28

underextension

Answer 28

application of a word to a smaller set of objects than is appropriate for mature adult speech or the usual def of the word

Question 29

relational term

Answer 29

type of relationship between adjective and nouns references where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to noun reference

Question 30

deictic expression

Answer 30

word or expression that takes its meaning relative to the time place and speaker of the utterance

Question 31

attention getter

Answer 31

word or phrase used to initiate an address to children

Question 32

attention holder

Answer 32

a tactic used to maintain children’s attention for extended amounts of time

Question 33

conversational turn

Answer 33

the contribution to a conversation made by one speaker from the time that she takes the floor from another speaker to the time that she passes the floor in to another speaker

Question 34

second language acquisition

Answer 34

acquisition of a second lang as a tennsger or adult after the critical period

Question 35

lang mixing

Answer 35

using words or structural elements from more than one lang within the same conversation

Question 36

foreign accent

Answer 36

an accent that is marked by the phonology of another lang or other lang that are more familiar to the speaker

Question 37

fossilization

Answer 37

process through which forms from a speakers non native lang usage. r one fixed and do not change even after years of instruction

Question 38

bilingual

Answer 38

state of commanding 2 lang

Question 39

multilingual

Answer 39

the state of commanding three or more lang

Question 40

simultaneous bilingualism

Answer 40

bilingualism in which the second lang us acquired as a young child