Language And Gender Theories Flashcards
Women’s vocab includes trivial words because they are relegated to decisions about unimportant subjects
Robin lakoff
Jennifer Coates and komarovsky
Women- family personal matters
Men- money, sport
Men give information to enforce strength and status
Tannen
The use of expletives by women ‘oh dear’ instead of shit
Lakoff
Tag questions
Lakoff- adds uncertainty to a statement
Fishman- to keep conversation going
Janet Holmes- tag questions
Modal- information
Affective- concern
Facilitative- draws in to work at convo
Men use questions to seek information from each other
Coates- to gain status.
Our roles as men and women vary from one situation to another, therefore our use of tag questions will vary depending on the role we are playing
Cameron
Qualifiers (maybe perhaps)- lakoff
Women avoid strong statements or committing to an opinion- shows uncertainty
Qualifiers show uncertainty when used by women but not by men
dale spender
Hedges- Fishman
Woman use ‘you know’ more due to working at conversation
Grammar- trudgill
Women use less colloquialisms
Men interrupt women more than the same sex
Zimmerman and west
Women interrupt women more than men
Zimmerman and west
Interruptions- Tannen
Interruptions can be supportive/cooperative.
Women see listening essential to group bonding. They assume a turn will be granted
Tannen
Men are more competitive- use it for status
Cameron and Coates
Men make inaccurate minimal responses- lack of support so women fall silent
Coats
Women use more cloaked imperatives (lets)
Tannen
Special lexicon- lakoff
Women use more words for things like colours, men for sports
Women aim for overt prestige
Trudgill
Men use more vernacular forms
Trudgill
Men use low prestige pronunciation to appear more down to earth/tough
Trudgill
Geoffrey Beattie- interruptions
Men interrupted only slight more
Could reflect interest not dominance
More reliable study.
Tannen- difference theory
Status- support Independence- intimacy Advice- understanding Information- feelings Orders- proposals Conflict- compromise
Tannen- rapport talk
Talk too much
Private contexts
Overlap
Symmetrically
Tannen- report talk men
Air time Public Negotiate status One at a time Asymmetric
Tannen- cooperative overlap
Supportive sound when speaking
Tannen- control of conversation
Competitive overlap
Tannen- Hugh involvement speakers
Enthusiastic to show support
High-considerate ness Tannen
Considerate of others
Deficit approach
Women’s language is weak on relation to male norm
