Language and Gender

Question 0

asymmetry

Answer 0

unequal connotations of male/female titles

Question 1

lexical gap

Answer 1

no equivalent terms for male/female

Question 2

Diminutive suffixes

Answer 2

addition to words to make it female eg ladette, smaller not as good masculine

Question 4

stereotype

Answer 4

men- more sexual

women- prude

Question 5

parent/child

Answer 5

father interrupts more, daughters are interrupted more

Question 6

Zimmerman and West

Answer 6

same sex interruptions are evenly distributed
mixed sex 96% of
interruptions are from men

Question 7

Fisman Research

Answer 7

mixed sex conversation, women talk twice as much

Question 8

Robin Lakoff - subordinate role of females

Answer 8

women use more hedges, fillers, tag questions, indirect requests, less expletives, more intensifiers, qualifiers, apologies, polite forms

Question 9

Sapir and Whorf - linguistic relativism

Answer 9

names/titles being more male or female eg mate - male chick - female

Question 10

Professor Tannen

Answer 10

• cooperative overlap: support
• competitive overlap: take control
• high involvement: get point across (men) and are prepared to be overlapped but won’t stop.
• high consideration: (women) wait until break to speak, unprepared for overlap and stop if an overlap occurs

Question 11

Rapport and Report

Answer 11

• RAPPORT: Women - talk too much, speak privately, build relations, overlap, speak symmetrically.
REPORT: Men - get more airtime, speak publicly, avoid failure/negotiate status, speak at one time and asymmetrically.

Question 12

Professor Tannen’s Men vs Women

Answer 12

• status vs support:
Men - competitive, seek upper hand dominance, world is a way to gain a status.
Women - cooperative, gain confirmation and support.
• Independence vs Intimacy:
Men - spontaneous, concerned with status and independence.
Women - seek closeness and preserve intimacy.
• Advice vs understanding:
Men - given practical solutions and don’t sympathise
Women - seek TLC and sympathy
• Information vs feelings:
Men - get point across, blunt
Women - elaborate go into detail express feelings
• Order vs proposals:
Men - very direct and state exactly whats happening
Women - suggest ideas and areole indecisive
• Conflict vs compromise:
Men - give a view regardless of how it’s taken or the outcome
Women - wouldn’t say what they want to avoid conflict but will regret it later and bitch in secret

Question 13

Deborah Jones - Women’s Gossip

Answer 13

• house talk - exchange of info due to females role
• scandal - judging behaviour
• bitching - overt expression
• chatting - literal conversation