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English Language > Comparing Texts > Flashcards

Comparing Texts Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
0
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

formation of a word, a sound that’s associate with something else

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1
Q

Alliteration

A

occurs nice of the same letter/sound at start of a word

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2
Q

Rhyme

A

correspondence of sound at the end of words

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3
Q

Assonance

A

repetition of vowel sound in neighbouring words

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4
Q

Consonance

A

reoccurrence of a sound/syllable when speaking

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5
Q

Rhythm

A

regular pattern of sound -a beat

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6
Q

Elision

A

omission of a sound/syllable when speaking -slurred eg gonna/wanna

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7
Q

Phonemes

A

distinct units of language that distinguish one word from another

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8
Q

Prosodic features

A

Mark out a key message in speech - how its said. eg volume stress pitch intonation melody tempo silent pauses voiced pauses accent diolect intrusion

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9
Q

interactional talk

A

language used in conversation to create socialisation

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10
Q

non fluency features

A

typical characteristics of spoken language that interrupt a flow eg fillers repetition overlaps false starts pauses

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11
Q

paralinguistic features

A

body language and non verbal elements that add meaning to speech eg laughter

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12
Q

phatic talk

A

small talk

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13
Q

pragmatics

A

reference to something else only understood due to context

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14
Q

repairs

A

alteration by speaker to repair false speech, clarify meaning

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15
Q

sociolect

A

social dialect used by particular group of people

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16
Q

tag question

A

turning a declarative into a question for reassurance

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17
Q

transactional talk

A

language to get things done eg exchanging goods

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18
Q

turn taking

A

orderly arrangement. minimal gaps/overlaps

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19
Q

utterance

A

complete unit of talk bounded by speakers silence

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20
Q

vague language

A

un assertive, unsure eg whatever so on

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21
Q

adjacency pairs

A

parallel expressions used from individual speaker turns eg how are you? I’m fine you?

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22
Q

back channel

A

speech etc to show speaker they’re being understood eg mhm yeah

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23
Q

contraction

A

reduced form often marked by apostrophes eg can’t she’ll won’t

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24
Q

deixis

A

language that points eg here there this that

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25
Q

discourse markers

A

words that connect to another point e so anyway

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26
Q

ellipsis

A

omission of a part of a grammatical structure eg you going cinema? ARE is missing

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27
Q

false starts

A

begins an utterance then reforms - like repair

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28
Q

fillers

A

no meaning, just keeps conversion going as voiced pauses eg erm yeah like

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29
Q

Hedge

A

uncertainty, weakens speech eg maybe perhaps possibly

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30
Q

Idiolect

A

individually distinctive style of speaking

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31
Q

simple sentences

A

only one main clause

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32
Q

compound sentences

A

2 main clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction

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33
Q

complex sentences

A

main clause and one or more subordinate clauses

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34
Q

main clause

A

contain a verb, make sense alone

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35
Q

subordinate clause

A

can’t stand alone

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36
Q

coordinating conjunction

A

words that connect a sentence eg but and or

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37
Q

subordinating conjunctions

A

connect a subordinate clause to main clause eg because

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39
Q

minor sentence

A

technically not a sentence but still make sense

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40
Q

declarative sentence

A

statements

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41
Q

interrogative sentences

A

questions

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42
Q

imperative sentences

A

commands

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43
Q

exclamations

A

interjections

44
Q

subject

A

performs action of verb

45
Q

object

A

what receives the action of verb

46
Q

complement

A

instead of object. verb adds to subject

47
Q

adverbials

A

more info about the verb, how it’s doing it’s action

48
Q

denotation

A

central meaning of a word

49
Q

connotation

A

associations with a word

50
Q

implication

A

intends something but doesn’t directly say it eg BUS - look there’s the bus, RUN

51
Q

ambiguity

A

when language has more than one meaning

52
Q

euphemism

A

polite term for something harsh eg passed away - dead

53
Q

dysphemism

A

unpleasant term for something eg loony bin - mental institute

54
Q

jargon

A

subject specific words used by sociolect

55
Q

taboo

A

offensive language

56
Q

archaism

A

old/unused words

57
Q

hyperbole

A

exaggeration

58
Q

compound

A

two separate words that make a new word

59
Q

blend

A

two words combined to make a new word eg brunch

60
Q

anaphoric reference

A

words that relate to something previous said

61
Q

cataphoric references

A

words that relate to something coming up

62
Q

discourse

A

how text is constructed and organised

63
Q

cohesion
• grammatical
• lexical

A

how well the text fits together
• grammatical: structural content
• lexical: words phrases of a text to separate it up eg Later

64
Q

register

A

language suiting/appropriate for purpose

65
Q

field

A

purpose of text

66
Q

tenor

A

relationship between audience and producer

67
Q

lexis

A

words

68
Q

idioms

A

metaphorical terms eg paint the town red

69
Q

clichés

A

unoriginal well known phrases

70
Q

slang

A

informal speech

71
Q

colloquialism

A

informal speech associated with a place

72
Q

expletives

A

swear words

73
Q

semantics (semantic field)

A

study of language

74
Q

multimodal

A

conveying a message via text AND image

75
Q

NOUNS

A

naming words

76
Q

proper nouns

A

refer to places/people CAPITAL letters

77
Q

common nouns (concrete/abstract/collective)

A

Less specific, refer to types of people/places
• concrete: physical objects
• abstract: feelings, ideas, qualities
• collective: group of people/animals/objects

78
Q

adjectives

A

describing words (nouns)

79
Q

comparative

A

ER to adjective or MORE

80
Q

superlative

A

EST to adjective

81
Q

PRONOUNS

A

take place of a noun

82
Q

Personal pronouns

A

relate to subject or object
•SINGULAR: I/me-you-he/she/it/him/her
•PLURAL: we/us-you-they/them

83
Q

possessive pronouns

A

show possession
• SINGULAR: mine-yours-his/hers-it’s
• PLURAL: ours-yours-theirs

84
Q

reflexive pronouns

A

indicate objects of verb is same as the subject

• SINGULAR: myself-yourself-himself/herself/itself

85
Q

demonstrative pronouns

A

sense of pointing: this that these those

86
Q

indefinite pronouns

A

don’t refer to anything specifically eg someone/anyone/none/everything

87
Q

relative pronouns

A

act like linking words eg who whom whose which that

88
Q

prepositions

A

indicate how something relates to another, relationship between noun that CDs after it.
POSITION - at on opposite
DIRECTION - into past to
TIME - before during after

89
Q

determiners

A

precede mounds referring directly to them

  • definite: the
  • indefinite: an/a
  • possessive: my/our/your/his/her/it’s/their
  • demonstrative: this/that/these/those
90
Q

graphology (typography)

A

visual elements
• typography: font size/styles
- space/empty space
- shape
- images
• iconic: direct image of what it represents
• symbolic: association with what it represents

91
Q

Noun phrases

A

don’t usually stand alone.
noun - head word.
PREMODIFIERS: words before noun
POSTMODIFIERS: words after noun

92
Q

verbs

A

doing words TO BE infinitive verb

93
Q

main verb

A

clause or sentence that expresses main meaning

94
Q

auxiliary verbs

A

helping verbs placed in front of main verb
PRIMARY: be have do
MODAL: can/could will/would shall/should may/might must

95
Q

active verbs

A

person/thing doing the action is emphasised as subject of verb

96
Q

passive verbs

A

emphasis shifts to the object

97
Q

adverbs

A

extra info on verbs ‘Y’

98
Q

conditional stems

A

used with modals eg if providing unless as long as

99
Q

dynamic verb

A

relate to action

100
Q

statice verb

A

state of being rather than actions

101
Q

transitive verbs

A

followed by direct object

102
Q

intransitive verb

A

cannot take a direct object/doesn’t have to

103
Q

ideology

A

belief system

104
Q

epistemic modality

A

possibility/probability shall/will

105
Q

deontic modality

A

obligation/necessity must/may

106
Q

interrogative pronouns

A

when asking a question eg who whom whose which what

English Language (3 decks)

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