Language and ethnicity Flashcards
Ethnolect
Lexical and grammatical differences due to ethnic background
BBE/Patois
English variation in UK spoken by many black ppl(mid 20th century)
Pidgin
Forms of language that emerge between speakers of two different languages for communication (trade or colonisation)
Creoles/creolisation
When a pidgin becomes the predominant language in a speech community
code-mixing
When immigrant speech (ethnolects) blend with those of regional dialects in host area (BBE Mixing with mancunian dialect/accents.
Multicultural urban english(MUE)
Evolution of BBE in urban areas of britain
Resistance identity
when a code of speech with covert prestige values references cultural heritage
code switching
ability to switch between SE(mainstream english) and ethnolects and dialects
“Jafaican” or GHETTO GRAMMAR
Label for MUE indicating linguistic and cultural appropriation (terms used are judgmental)
Covert prestige
a form of prestige that is valued by smaller groups of society
prescritivism vs. descriptivism
differing view points and attitudes to how varieties of english are percieved
Definition of a pidgin
A language that combines one or two more languages together
This is so members of different speech communities can communicate
Develop due to trade or colonisation
What are pidgins characterised by
Limited vocabulary and reduced grammatical structure
Patios or Jamaican Creole
Is an english based creole language with west-African influences - spoken by majority of jamaicans as a native language
How did Patios or Jamaican creoles develop
in the 17th century when slaves from west/central africa were exposed to vernacular and dialectal forms during the middle passage
What began as as a pidgin became a creolised (native tongue)
Creoles including Jamaican patios are often…
Stigmatised as a low prestige language
What is BBE
british black english is a combo of The jamaican language(patios)
West african creole(pidgin)
and the black-british venacular
Because enslaved black ppl who lived on caribean plantations often didnt share a common language they communicated using WEST AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH VENACULAR= creating a distinctive creolised language -‘Patios’
Jamaican creole to BBE
postwar period ppl from carribean migrated to UK
many Caribbean migrants settled in predominantly working-class areas in industrialised cities (London,Leeds, Birmingham)
First gen of BBE
Essentially an
