Language Flashcards
1
Q
5 basic stages of language
A
- Cooing
- Babbling
- Single works
- 2-word utterance
- Complex utterance
2
Q
Cooing
A
1st few months
- small range of meaningless sounds
- simple goo sounds; gurgling
3
Q
Babbling
A
6 months
- Large range of meaningless sounds
- No linguistic intent; just playing w/ the apparatus
- Even deaf children babble, in sign
- Gradually becomes more like talking
4
Q
Single works
A
10-12 months; girls
- Names (mommy, dada), Objects (spoon, doggy), Actions (eat, push), Greetings (bye-bye)
- Parents typically know all the words
- No ‘function words’ (a, is, to)
- No inflections (plural, tense)
5
Q
2-word utterance
A
E.g. ‘Mommy sock’, ‘no eat’
- Consistent word order
- ‘Mommy throw’ and ‘threw ball’ - but never ‘ball throw’ or ‘throw mommy’
6
Q
Complex utterance
A
After 2 years vocabulary takes off
7
Q
Deaf isolates do not go beyond what stage
A
2-word utterance
8
Q
Williams Syndrome
A
Language is more fluent and advanced than their peers
- Often so talkative their condition goes undiagnosed
- Moderate intellectual disability: only rudimentary math/reading/writing
9
Q
Critical period
A
A time of life where our brains are prepared to construct mental grammars
10
Q
Critical period: Isabelle
A
- Hidden away by deranged mother
- Minimal attention, never spoken to
- Discovered at 6, had no language
- Cog development < a normal 2 year old
- 1 year later she could speak at the rate of her peers
11
Q
Critical period: Genie
A
- Discovered at 13
- Went through 1 and 2 word stages almost immediately
- Fast/varied vocabulary acquisition with plural and possessives
- Couldn’t go past to learn more
12
Q
Critical period: Chelsea
A
- Born deaf, mistakenly diagnosed as having intellectual disability
- Raised at home, no exposure to sign language or speech training
- Otherwise healthy and normal
- Age 31, test shown merely deaf, can hear well w/ hearing aids
- Acquired a sizable vocabulary
- Level of speech lower than Genie
13
Q
Second language learning
A
First stages: adults better than children
- Long-term outcome: children»_space; adults
14
Q
Johnson & Newport (1989)
A
Native Chinese & Korean speakers
- Came to US at varying ages
- Immense exposure to English for > 5 years
- Judge whether a sentence is grammatical (e.g. “The farmer bought two pig at the market”, “The little boy is speak to a police man”)
- Age of exposure matter, number of years of experience does not
15
Q
Deaf children’s ASL: Native learners
A
Children of deaf signing parents
- Natives > earlies > lates
