Language Flashcards
Smallest unit of sound e.x. “uh”
Phonemes
Smallest meaningful unit of a word “ing”
Morphemes
Combos of words in sentences
Syntax
Collection of words in language
Lexicon
Meanings corresponding to lexical items (categorizing)
Semantics
Vocal intonation (tone of voice)
Prosody
Linking sentences to make a paragraph
Discourse
This pathway transforms sound into motor representations
Dorsal Language pathway
The Dorsal pathway uses which type of processing
Bottom Up
The dorsal pathways involves which brain structures
Temporal cortex (to assemble sound)
The dorsal language stream processes which language term?
phonemes
This pathway transforms sound into meaning
Ventral pathway
The ventral path uses which from of processing
Top-Down
The ventral stream processes which language term
semantics
what brain areas are involved in the Ventral stream and what do they do?
The frontal lobe
- assigns meaning to words (top-down)
Language is dominant in the LH?
True
The RH is more involved in prosody than the LH?
True
Musical perception is dominant in which Hemisphere
Right
What areas of the brain are involved in SELECTING words for speech
premotor cortex
What brain areas are involved when looking at TOOLS?
Premotor cortex and temporal cortex
What brain area is most active when processing NOUNS
Temporal cortex
“language occurred suddenly and evolved rapidly” supports which theory of language
Discontinuity (Language is a unique trait that can’t be compared to anything else)
“language evolved from pre-linguistic systems (hand movement) from our ancestors” supports which theory of language
Continuity theory
Chimps being taught ASL supports which language theory
continuity theroy
what are TWO things that define language
- Use of rules (across sensory modalities)
2. Use of sound combinations to communicate
comprehension is extracted from sounds in Wernickies area, passed through the arcuate fassiculus, to brooks area for articulation - is which model
Wernikie-Geschwind model
In the Wernikie-Geschwind model what does wernikies area do?
extracts meaning from sounds and send it to Brocas area
In the Wernikie-Geschwind model what does Brocas area do?
Articulates words
What core language skill assigns qualities to concepts making it easier to perceive/retrieve later on?
Categorization
What is the main brain area involved in Categorization
Ventral language stream (semantics)
What core language skill attaches words to different categories e.g: seeing a flower and thinking “flower”
Labeling categories
What core language skill helps order vocal movement in speech
Sequencing behaviour (LH)
What core language skill fosters language development through the use of mirror neurons in the frontal lobe
Mimicry
What are the 4 FLUENT aphasias
- wernikies
- conduction
- transcortical sensory
- anomic
Conduction aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?
repetition
transcortical sensory aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?
comprehension
anomic aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?
speech expression (nouns/verbs)
transcortical motor aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?
Repetition and speech production
Global aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?
comprehension, forming speech, repetition
What are the 3 NON-FLUENT forms of aphasia?
- Broca’s
- Transcortical motor
- global
Problems understanding spoken and written language is considered _____ aphasia
fluent
Problems communicating spoken and written language is considered _____ aphasia
non-fluent
someone with sparce haulting speech who can comprehend speech has ______.
Brocas aphasia
Someone struggling to comprehend and repeat speech who talks in a word salad has ________.
wrenikies aphasia
someone who struggles to repeat words but is able to understand and communicate speech well likely has ______.
conduction aphasia
