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Psych 351B > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

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1
Q

Smallest unit of sound e.x. “uh”

A

Phonemes

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2
Q

Smallest meaningful unit of a word “ing”

A

Morphemes

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3
Q

Combos of words in sentences

A

Syntax

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4
Q

Collection of words in language

A

Lexicon

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5
Q

Meanings corresponding to lexical items (categorizing)

A

Semantics

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6
Q

Vocal intonation (tone of voice)

A

Prosody

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7
Q

Linking sentences to make a paragraph

A

Discourse

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8
Q

This pathway transforms sound into motor representations

A

Dorsal Language pathway

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9
Q

The Dorsal pathway uses which type of processing

A

Bottom Up

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10
Q

The dorsal pathways involves which brain structures

A

Temporal cortex (to assemble sound)

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11
Q

The dorsal language stream processes which language term?

A

phonemes

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12
Q

This pathway transforms sound into meaning

A

Ventral pathway

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13
Q

The ventral path uses which from of processing

A

Top-Down

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14
Q

The ventral stream processes which language term

A

semantics

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15
Q

what brain areas are involved in the Ventral stream and what do they do?

A

The frontal lobe

- assigns meaning to words (top-down)

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16
Q

Language is dominant in the LH?

A

True

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17
Q

The RH is more involved in prosody than the LH?

A

True

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18
Q

Musical perception is dominant in which Hemisphere

A

Right

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19
Q

What areas of the brain are involved in SELECTING words for speech

A

premotor cortex

20
Q

What brain areas are involved when looking at TOOLS?

A

Premotor cortex and temporal cortex

21
Q

What brain area is most active when processing NOUNS

A

Temporal cortex

22
Q

“language occurred suddenly and evolved rapidly” supports which theory of language

A

Discontinuity (Language is a unique trait that can’t be compared to anything else)

23
Q

“language evolved from pre-linguistic systems (hand movement) from our ancestors” supports which theory of language

A

Continuity theory

24
Q

Chimps being taught ASL supports which language theory

A

continuity theroy

25
Q

what are TWO things that define language

A
  1. Use of rules (across sensory modalities)

2. Use of sound combinations to communicate

26
Q

comprehension is extracted from sounds in Wernickies area, passed through the arcuate fassiculus, to brooks area for articulation - is which model

A

Wernikie-Geschwind model

27
Q

In the Wernikie-Geschwind model what does wernikies area do?

A

extracts meaning from sounds and send it to Brocas area

28
Q

In the Wernikie-Geschwind model what does Brocas area do?

A

Articulates words

29
Q

What core language skill assigns qualities to concepts making it easier to perceive/retrieve later on?

A

Categorization

30
Q

What is the main brain area involved in Categorization

A

Ventral language stream (semantics)

31
Q

What core language skill attaches words to different categories e.g: seeing a flower and thinking “flower”

A

Labeling categories

32
Q

What core language skill helps order vocal movement in speech

A

Sequencing behaviour (LH)

33
Q

What core language skill fosters language development through the use of mirror neurons in the frontal lobe

A

Mimicry

34
Q

What are the 4 FLUENT aphasias

A
  1. wernikies
  2. conduction
  3. transcortical sensory
  4. anomic
35
Q

Conduction aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?

A

repetition

36
Q

transcortical sensory aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?

A

comprehension

37
Q

anomic aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?

A

speech expression (nouns/verbs)

38
Q

transcortical motor aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?

A

Repetition and speech production

39
Q

Global aphasia struggles with what, Speech, comprehension, or repetition?

A

comprehension, forming speech, repetition

40
Q

What are the 3 NON-FLUENT forms of aphasia?

A
  1. Broca’s
  2. Transcortical motor
  3. global
41
Q

Problems understanding spoken and written language is considered _____ aphasia

A

fluent

42
Q

Problems communicating spoken and written language is considered _____ aphasia

A

non-fluent

43
Q

someone with sparce haulting speech who can comprehend speech has ______.

A

Brocas aphasia

44
Q

Someone struggling to comprehend and repeat speech who talks in a word salad has ________.

A

wrenikies aphasia

45
Q

someone who struggles to repeat words but is able to understand and communicate speech well likely has ______.

A

conduction aphasia

Psych 351B (8 decks)

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