Language

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

meaningful arrangement of sounds

Question 2

Psycholinguistics

Answer 2

study of the psychology of language

Question 3

Phonemes

Answer 3

Discrete sounds that make up words but carry no meaning

Question 4

Morphemes

Answer 4

smallest unit of meaning in language including words or parts of words such as boy and -ing

Question 5

Phrase

Answer 5

group of words that when put together function as a single syntactic part of a sentence

Question 6

Syntax

Answer 6

the arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language

Question 7

Grammar

Answer 7

the overall rules of the interrelationship between morphemes and syntax that make up a certain language

Question 8

Morphology

Answer 8

grammar rules

Question 9

prosody

Answer 9

tone inflections, accents, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning

Question 10

Noam Chomsky

Answer 10

most important figure in psycholinguistics

Question 11

Transformational Grammar

Answer 11

Chomsky’s work that differentiates between surface structure and deep structure in lanugage

Question 12

Surface structure

Answer 12

way words are organized

Question 13

deep structure

Answer 13

the meaning underlying the surface structure

Question 14

Language acquisition device

Answer 14

children have an innate language acquisition device inborn ability to adopt generative grammar rules. Not done through conditioning

Question 15

Overregularization

Answer 15

overapplication of grammar rules - children applying -ed for all past tense

Question 16

Overextension

Answer 16

generalizing with names for things done through chaining rather than logic - furry things are doggies

Question 17

Telegraphic speech

Answer 17

speech without articles or extras similar to who it would appear in a telegram “me go”

Question 18

Holophrastic Speech

Answer 18

when a young child uses one word phrases (holophrases) to convey a whole sentence

Question 19

Girls

Answer 19

girls faster and more accurate with language learning than boys are

Question 20

bilingual children

Answer 20

slower at language learning

Question 21

reading and writing

Answer 21

processed in the same regions of the brain as producing and understanding speech but there are slight differences as there are people who cant read (alexia) or write (agraphia) but can speak and understand

Question 22

Children

Answer 22

usually use nouns first then verbs

Question 23

Language milestones

Answer 23

1-first words; 2 >50 spoken words; 3 1,000 words; 4 grammar problems are few

Question 24

Benjamin Whorf

Answer 24

hopi - language or how a culture says things influences that culture’s perspectives. it is found that colors recognized even if no word for it

Question 25

Roger Brown

Answer 25

researched the areas of social, developmental, and linguistic psychology. children make hypotheses about how syntax works then self correct with experience

Question 26

Katherine Nelson

Answer 26

language really begins to develop with the onset of active speech

Question 27

William Labov

Answer 27

ebonics and found it has its own complex internal structure

Question 28

Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria

Answer 28

Russia - studied the development of word meanings and found them to be complex and altered by interpersonal experience

Question 29

Charles Osgood

Answer 29

semantics (word meanings) created semantic differential charts which allowed people to plot meanings on word graphs - people with similar backgrounds plotted words similarly - connotations for cultures or subcultures