lang & occupation

Question 1

What is an adjacency pair?

Answer 1

A simple structure of two turns.

Question 2

What does asymmetrical relationship mean?

Answer 2

Unequal power balance between two people.

Question 3

What is convergence in language?

Answer 3

Move language styles and patterns to more closely match those of other speakers.

Question 4

What is a discourse community?

Answer 4

A group of people with shared interests and belief systems who are likely to use language in similar ways.

Question 5

What is divergence in language?

Answer 5

Move language styles and patterns to be increasingly different from those of other speakers.

Question 6

What is a hedge?

Answer 6

A word or phrase which softens what is said or written to make it less direct.

Question 7

What is an illocutionary speech act?

Answer 7

The implied meaning that a text producer wants you to understand.

Question 8

What is an in group?

Answer 8

An exclusive group of people with shared interests or identity.

Question 9

What is influential power?

Answer 9

A type of power that is persuasive rather than imposing.

Question 10

What is instrumental power?

Answer 10

A type of power that is explicit and often imposed by a higher authority.

Question 11

What does IRE/IRF stand for?

Answer 11

Initiation; response; evaluation/feedback – The routine structure for short interactions.

Question 12

What is jargon?

Answer 12

The vocabulary and manner of speech that define and reflect a particular profession which may be difficult for others to understand.

Question 13

What is legalese?

Answer 13

Legal register associated with the domain of law.

Question 14

What is lexicon?

Answer 14

The words used in a language or the words used in a language by a person or group of people.

Question 15

What is a locutionary speech act?

Answer 15

The literal meaning of something.

Question 16

What is management speech?

Answer 16

Mocking term given to the way in which business people speak.

Question 17

What is occupation?

Answer 17

A job or profession.

Question 18

What is occupational register?

Answer 18

The words or phrases used solely in a particular job, or have originated from a particular occupation.

Question 19

What is a perlocutionary speech act?

Answer 19

The perceived meaning that the text receiver understands.

Question 20

What is phatic talk?

Answer 20

Socially orientated talk.

Question 21

What is the Plain English Campaign?

Answer 21

A campaign established to ensure that documents produced by companies are clear and understandable.

Question 22

What is power asymmetry?

Answer 22

A power imbalance between speakers shown by the unequal way they address each other.

Question 23

What is register?

Answer 23

A variety of language that is associated with a particular situation of use.

Question 24

What is a semantic field?

Answer 24

A group of words which have similar connotations, or which are part of the same theme.

Question 25

What are unequal encounters?

Answer 25

When one speaker has accepted dominance over another influencing language choices.

Question 26

What did Drew and Heritage (1992) identify?

Answer 26

The key difference between everyday conversation and workplace talk e.g. goal orientated speech and turn taking rules and restrictions.

Question 27

What did Drew and Heritage (1993) propose?

Answer 27

Inferential frameworks: members of a discourse community share implicit ways of thinking, behaving and communicating. Constraints on language use are dictated by workplace hierarchies.

Question 28

What did Herbert and Straight (1989) find?

Answer 28

In the workplace compliments flow downwards, from higher status to lower status workers.

Question 29

What did Holmes and Marra (2002) conclude?

Answer 29

Women use just as much humour as men in the workplace; citing the same reasons for their humour. Women are more likely however, to encourage supportive and collaborative humour.

Question 30

What did Hornyak (1994) state?

Answer 30

The shift from work talk to personal talk is initiated by the highest ranking person in the room.

Question 31

What is accommodation theory according to Howard Giles (1973)?

Answer 31

The idea that people have different levels of formality of language at their disposal, and will converge or diverge their language depending on their situation.

Question 32

What did Janet Holmes (1998) find about women managers?

Answer 32

Women managers are more likely to negotiate consensus of an idea or plan, compared to men who will press through their agenda.

Question 33

What did John Swales (1990) say about professional discourse communities?

Answer 33

Professional discourse communities occur due to the professional lexis used to maximise efficiency in the workplace.

Question 34

What did Koester (2003) say about phatic talk?

Answer 34

Phatic talk is important for increasing productivity in the workplace, by establishing positive interpersonal relationships and building solidarity between workers.

Question 35

What did Porter (1992) suggest about workplaces?

Answer 35

Workplaces or professions with increasingly complex bureaucratic or technical procedures are more likely to develop stronger and more restricted discourse communities.