Lang level 1 - Lexis and semantics Flashcards
Lexis?
Vocabulary
Noun?
A word naming a thing or concept
Proper noun?
Name people/places and are always capitalised
Abstract noun?
Refers to states of being/feeling/concepts which do not have a physical existence (you cannot hold love)
Concrete nouns?
Do have a physical existence (you can hold a rock)
Verb?
A word that shows a state of being (e.g. I AM tired)
Dynamic verb?
Shows physical actions
Stative verb?
Shows states of being/mental processes
Adjective?
A word which modifies a noun
Subjective adjectives?
Subject to personal opinion (e.g. she’s bitchy)
Objective adjectives?
Based of facts or shared assumptions (e.g. She’s good at maths)
Comparrative adjectives?
e.g. The better/faster/nicer car
Superlative adjectives?
e.g. The best car
Adverb?
A word that modifies a verb (e.g. she ran QUICKLY)
an adjective (e.g. it was RIDICULOUSLY warm)
and other adverbs (e.g. INCREDIBLY badly behaved)
Pronouns?
A word which substitutes a noun (she instead of Kate/ it instead of dog)
Singular & personal pronouns?
I or me
Pleural and personal pronouns?
We or us
Demonstrative pronouns?
Indicating something to the reader (e.g. this/these/that)
Indefinite pronouns?
Referring to non-specific people/things/ideas (e.g. someone/everywhere/anywhere)
Determiner?
Adds detail and clarity to nouns (THE house, MY dog, SOME rain)
Definite article?
‘The’
Indefinite article?
A/an
Possessive determiners?
Showing ownership over the noun (My/his/your dog)
Quantifiers?
Show either specific quantities (44 dogs), or non-specific quantities (some/a few)
Conjunctions?
Connecting phrases/clauses (but/because/and)
Coordinating conjunctions?
Linking classes of equal status (and/but/yet)
Subordinating conjunctions?
Linking dependent clauses (because/although/while)
Collocates?
Words commonly used together (sweet and sour, not sour and sweet/round of applause)
What are latinate words?
Complicated words, many syllables, odd syntax (consumption)
What are anglo Saxon words?
Simple, easy to read, one syllable (eat)
Fixed expressions?
Similar to collocates, longer phrases which are commonly used and accepted (at the end of the day)
Synonym?
Word with an equivalent meaning to another
Antonym?
Word with opposite meaning to another
Euphemism?
A socially accepted phrase to avoid any possible offence/rudeness (need the loo/had a few too many)
Dysphemism?
Using a blunt word/phrase (often taboo - I need a shit)
Hyponymy?
Setting up a chain of words, meanings become more specific as it goes on
Etymology?
The origin of a word e.g Anglo Saxon
Dialect?
Variety of language that is a characteristic of certain groups
Sociolect?
Dialect associated with a particular social class
Ethnolect?
Dialect associated with a particular ethnic group
Regiolect?
Dialect associated with a particular region
Metaphor?
Presenting one thing as another, offers implied comparison and conveying some a particular way
Metonymy?
A figure of speech where a thing or concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it (The White House is a metonymy for the president and inner circle, not just a house that is white)
Synecdoche?
When naming a part of something but referring to the whole (New faces appeared - meaning people)
Allegory?
Story with double meaning
