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EAS 205 > Landslides > Flashcards

Landslides Flashcards

1
Q

What is a landslide?

A

the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope

OR

mass movement, slope failure

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2
Q

weathering vs. erosion

A
  • weathering: physical/chemical processes that ALTER COMPOSITION or rock
  • erosion: movement/TRANSPORT of rock
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3
Q

What are the 2 main types of weathering?

A
  • physical/mechanical = disintegration
  • chemical = decomposition
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4
Q

What is another name for driving force? resisting force?

A
  • driving force = shear FORCE
  • resisting force = shear STRENGTH
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5
Q

which of the following are driving forces?
a) gravity
b) tectonics
c) sediment/rock cohesive strength (cement)
d) moisture
e) vegetation
f) loading/weight
g) pore water pressure
h) structure
i) erosion
j) slope

A

a) gravity
b) tectonics
d) moisture
f) loading/weight
g) pore water pressure
i) erosion
j) slope

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6
Q

which of the following are resisting forces?
a) gravity
b) tectonics
c) sediment/rock cohesive strength (cement)
d) moisture
e) vegetation
f) loading/weight
g) pore water pressure
h) structure
i) erosion
j) slope

A

c) sediment/rock cohesive strength (cement)
e) vegetation
h) structure

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7
Q

Which is true?
- a) shear force > shear strength –> slope failure
- b) shear force = shear strength –> slope failure
- c) shear force < shear strength –> slope failure

A

a) shear force > shear strength –> slope failure

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8
Q

What is the name of the system used to classify lanslides?

A

Cruden and Varnes classification

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9
Q

What are landslides classified based on?

A
  • type of movement
  • type of material
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10
Q

bedrock vs soil

A
  • bedrock = cohesive material
  • soil = unconsolidated material / debris / sediment
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11
Q

What are the 6 classes of landlsides?

A

1) falls
2) topples
3) slides
4) lateral spreads
5) flows
6) complex

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12
Q

falls

A

rapid, free fall, rolling, bouncing, meters/minute to meters/second

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13
Q

topples

A

rapid rotation of a mass about a point

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14
Q

slides

A
  • movement along one or more distinct surfaces
  • rotational vs. translational
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15
Q

What is a rotational slide? What is another name for it?

A
  • movement along curved failure plane
  • AKA slump
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16
Q

What is a translational slide?

A

movement along planar failure plane

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17
Q

lateral spreads

A

lateral movement of the ground, with subsidence

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18
Q

flows

A

viscous fluid movement, range from slow to fast

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19
Q

complex landslides

A

combination of 2 or more types

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20
Q

topple vs fall

A

topple movement is focused on a hinge (i.e. occur ALONG bedding planes in jointed rocks)

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21
Q

slide morphology and terminology

A

refer to slide 21 in slide deck 1

22
Q

What are the alberta/edmonton rotational slides tied to?

A
  • oversteepening of slopes (by digging)
  • erosion
23
Q

Which hill in Alberta is well known for a landslide?

A

Grierson Hill

24
Q

Which lake near West Yellowstone experienced a lateral spread?

A

Hebgen Lake

25
What are the 3 main areas of a flow?
- source area - main pathway - depositional area
26
what is a debris flow?
moving mass of loose mud, sand, soil, rock, water, air
27
What feature can be seen along margins of a debris flow path?
levees (raised ridges of coarse debris)
28
Which earthquake in 2002 triggered thousands of landslides but not deaths or infrastructure impacts? Which pipeline survived this earthquake?
- Denali Earthquake - trans-alaska oil pipeline
29
risk vs hazard vs vulnerability
- hazard: may cause health impacts - risk: probability that area will be damaged BY A HAZARD - vulnerability: characteristics of a community that makes it SUSCEPTIBLE TO HAZARDS
30
what was the most expensive natural disaster in canada?
fort mcmurray wildfire
31
vulnerability = ? + ? + ?
vulnerability = exposure + resistance + resilience
32
exposure vs resistance vs resilience
- exposure: at risk property and population - resistance: measures taken to prevent, avoid, or reduce loss - resilience: ability to recover after disaster
33
disaster risk = ( ? x ? ) / ?
disaster risk = ( hazard x vulnerability) / capacity
34
TRUE or FALSE: landslide classification includes permafrost
FALSE
35
What is permafrost?
thermally defined; ground below zero degrees celcius for 2+ years
36
what is the importance of permafrost?
INCREASED LANDSLIDES due to thawing ground ice
37
permafrost regions are a net ________ for carbon.
sink
38
How much more carbon is stored in permafrost in comparison to the atmosphere? Why is this important?
- permafrost has 2x atmospheric carbon - thawing permafrost --> increase GHGs
39
arctic amplification
arctic warms faster than rest of the planet; 4-5 x global average
40
permafrost is a _____________ condition but a _____________ problem. (fill in with "thermal" or "geologic"
1) thermal 2) geologic
41
Which plateau has the most landslide activity in Canada? Which glacier is it associated with?
- Peel Plateau - buried late pleistocene glacier
42
gradual thaw vs abrupt thaw
- gradual thaw: ice wedge thaw --> subsidence and pond expansion - abrupt thaw: ice-rich permafrost thaw --> retrogressive thaw slump --> LANDSLIDE
43
Which type of thaw causes landslides?
abrupt thaw
44
What are the types of landslides in permafrost? Which one is new?
1) active later detachment slides 2) thaw slumps (retrogressive thaw flow slides) 3) deep-seated permafrost slides (NEW)
45
active layer detachment slides
thickness of active layer - moves as translational slide, typically in late summer or fall - when active layer is at its maximum
46
thaw slumps
exposed ice-rich permafrost many meters thick (often buried glacier ice) is exposed to rapid sediment exhumation
47
Which type of landslide in permafrost is the base of permafrost failures?
deep-seated permafrost landslides
48
deep-seated permafrost landslides
permafrost base failure moves as a cohesive translational slide
49
Where is there a large thaw slump in the NWT?
redstone river area - mackenzie mountain foothills
50
What is one of Canada's largest modern rockslides?
Frank Slide (Crowsnest Pass on Turtle Mountain)
51
Which landslide occurred in northern Italy in 1963?
Vaiont landslide

EAS 205 (16 decks)

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