Landscapes Influenced By A Range Of Factors

Question 1

Climate

Answer 1

Lower temperatures have caused ice sheets to extend north and southwards from areas of high latitude to lower altitudes - Vast ice sheets accumulated

Lauren tide ice sheet = 1km thick and extended and retreated with fluctuating temps

Weight and force of ice wore down the mountains to 500-700m creating an ellipsoidal basin, now occupied by thousands of lakes such as upper and lower red lakes

Ice sheet left striations in bare outcrops of gneiss and greenstone

Ice = overall impact

Geology = local impact

Question 2

Geology

Answer 2

Lithology and structure of rock

Igneous rocks are formed by volcanic activity - closely bonded crystals ( hard to weather and erode)

Sedimentary rocks are formed by layers of sediments and consist of joints and cracks which make them more susceptible to breaking down

Lake District - skiddaw slates ( 500 year black mud and sands formed under the sea raised by tectonic activity and have been easily smoothed by ice flowing over them during successive ice ages

Central lake district - resistant borrowdale volcanics formed by volcanics 450 million years ago - left high mountains such as 11km long Helvellyn range - peaks including scarfell, Helvellyn and great Gable

Valley glaciers eroded these sides to form corries eg, Nethermost cove which occupies the Red Tarn at the base of Helvellyn

Glaciers erode the soft rocks of the Windermere series in the south , much more easily than lowland areas around Morecambe bay

Valley glacier extends into Glenridding valley from Red tarn fed into ullswater ribbon lake, which has an uneven valley floor created by bands of more resistant volcanic rock

Norfolk Island, is a roche moutonee in the middle of ullswater - an example of this more resistant rock

Minnesota - lobes of the laurentide ice sheet entrained and deposited different types of debris dependent of the direction . eg, The wadena Lobe from North East Canada bringing red sandstones creating red and sandy till deposited to form drumlin fields at Otter tail and Itasca moraine

Des Moines Lobe brought clay rich deposits to make Prairie Cocteau end moraine

Therefore significantly influencing glaciated landscapes by landforms contributing to their appearance

Question 3

Lattitude

Question 4

Altitude

Question 5

Introduction

Answer 5

In my opinion

Past and present

Glaciated landscapes changed by the actions of valley glacier and ice sheets which are determined by the power of several factors contributing to

Question 6

Conclusion

Answer 6

Geology - very significant influence

Demonstrated by the Lake District and Minnesota

Although, rock only affects the landscape locally

Latitude and altitude - control the climate - significant role ( the size and nature of glaciers ) - power to change the landscape past and present day.

Question 7

Relief

Answer 7

Steeper = more gravitational energy the glacier will move more downslope

Question 8

Aspect

Answer 8

Northern hemisphere, north facing slope receive less sunlight and so the temperatures remain colder meaning snow may accumulate and as the glacier moves it forms a Corrie through many geothermic processes such as nivation - 40 corries in Cairngorms suggest most are in the northern direction

Steeper glaciers have more energy and the potential to erode more effectively than shallower slope.