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Garden Landscape Architecture > Landscape: -Types, -Styles, -Principles and -Movements > Flashcards

Landscape: -Types, -Styles, -Principles and -Movements Flashcards

1
Q

Baroque

A

concept of horizontal and vertical movement for cities -heights- grand stairs, water from fountains - spatial drama

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2
Q

late 18th century

A

romanticism replaced classical orders. Rococo was flowering. liberation of English garden -> freedom from autocratic rule

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3
Q

Arts and Craft movement (nederlands)

A

ambacht - eerlijke materialen en constructies. plezier in het werk, antimachine, sociaal geinspereerd, romantisch-socialisme

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4
Q

Arts and Craft movement (english)

A

Architecture for the sake of beauty, honesty of materials, power of impression, inspiration from nature, commemorative quality, flowers & topiary

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5
Q

Historicism

A

a mentally that values particular cultures and vanished epochs

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6
Q

Landschapstheorie 18e eeuw

A

The beautiful (schoonheid in kunst, het pestorale idyllische, romantisch beeld van boeren leven). The picturesque. The sublime (schoonheid uit het menselijke schaal overstijgend)

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7
Q

17e eeuw

A

frans autoritair systeem: de tuin als machtssymbool, wetenschappelijk modernisme in westerse cultuur. Hortis conclusis abandoned. classical style combined with Italian Baroque laid basis for city.

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8
Q

20e eeuw

A

people no longer looked to the past traditions for inspiration and a sense of continuity with history, they looked to the present and future as the only reliable basis for knowledge.

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9
Q

Modernism

A

expression of functional machinelike order and practibility - functionalist approach - Bauhaus - Le Corbusier - ease of movement - consequent liberation - innovation - free-standing sculptures

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10
Q

Rococo

A

light and decorative - elegance and delicacy of detail - naturalistic floral and rustic forms - highly picturesque scenery - exoticism - ornamental structures

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11
Q

19e eeuw

A

franse en industriele revolutie, slechte werkomstandigheden in fabrieken -> volksparken. wegennet als integraal onderdeel van volksgroen. belang circulatiesysteem, carriage drive

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12
Q

16e eeuw

A

natuur en kunst met elkaar verweven, kunst and ambacht vulden elkaar aan, konden alleen dankzij elkaar bestaan. ambacht en kennis was ook kunst.

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13
Q

Roman Landscape ()

A

roman villa’s - mythic - water - sculptures - mosaic - plants - spiritual mood

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14
Q

Colonial

A

Amerika - grid - wards -> (vierkante units: groen, woning, 2 grote gebouwen) - utilitarian gardens: farms & orchards - gravel paths - topiaries - plantation

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15
Q

Jean - Marie Morelle, definitie landschapsarchitect (Architecte - paysagiste)

A
  • je moet snappen wat de processen zijn en wat ze teweeg brengen. - je moet kaarten kunnen lezen en maken - je moet een kritische houding over natuur hebben
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16
Q

Rousseausque principles

A
  1. Garden as privileged space for enlightenment reversie 2. nature as imaginations muse 3. rustic simplicity as means to virtue
17
Q

Chinese gardening

A

one with nature - energy/spirits - abstract beauty of rocks & minerals - mountains ->immortality - calligraphy, paintings, poetry - pine bamboo plum - qi

18
Q

principles of Le Notre’s approach (by Dezallier)

A

-make art yield nature -excessive ornament abandoned -never cloud or darken garden -not make garden too open -manipulate the terrain and planting to conceal the garden boundaries

19
Q

Garden Cities of tomorrow

A

Ebenezer Howard, Reactie op dichtheid bebouwing industriele stad, slechte woonomstandigheden, idealisme en utopie op praktische pragmatische grondslag, community denken

20
Q

Nieuwe bouwen (20th century)

A

functionalisme - nieuwe constructies - nieuwe materialen; staal en glas - transparantie - functionele plattegrond - standardisatie - machine esthetiek - Tabula rasa

21
Q

Gilded Age , Italianate design

A

Compartimentalized gardens - concealment - surprise - spatial intimacy - expression of cultural status

22
Q

Edwardian garden

A

sheer aestheticism - art for arts sake - idyllic retreat - recreational refugee, 2 types: formal and survivalistic - geometric lines and flower borders

23
Q

Romanticism (late 18th century)

A

public parks movement - spiritual counterbalance to scientific rationalism of the enlightenment - cultural groundwork for individual rights

24
Q

18e eeuw

A

bevrijdt van het religieuze, staatkundige en traditionele jurk - de verlichting: rede, vrijheid, gelijkheid en broederschap - introduceren van de klassieke oudheid, reiken naar gouden eeuw

25
Q

Victorian gardens (19th century)

A

picturesque tradition combined with romantic spirit - industrial materials - architecture of other ages - efficiency - knot-gardens - mazes - topiary - less grandeur than french gardens

26
Q

Jardin anglais (french picturesque style)

A

independent phenomena - contemporary english gardens (influenced by) - rococo features - fabriques - two types: theatrical, exotic and libertine anglo-chinois, moral and sentimental rousseauesque characteristics

27
Q

Industrial revolution (19e eeuw)

A

child labour - illness - personal pleasure promoted - pleasure garden - recreational preserve - reserve of modernism

28
Q

Middle Ages (>5th century)

A

good and evil - heaven and hell - human and divine - enclosure - medieval garden - gate and fence - locus amoenus -> earthly paradise

29
Q

English landscape style

A

Palladianism - classical ornament - real & fabricated ruins - thematic itineraries of allegorical heroism - Augustan Amateurs - grassy hills - wooden bridge

30
Q

French Renaissance

A

firmly rooted in italian style - limitlessness by axes - needed money to survive - dutch variant: defined by water, english variant: scientific approach waterworks and grottoes

31
Q

Italian Renaissance (15th century)

A

Allegories - elongated axes - unending universe - ancient roman architecture - humanism - theater for the initiated - giardino segreto -> secluded & enclosed garden room

32
Q

Picturesque (19th century)

A

cementaries, “looking for the picturesque”, intricacy - variety - outcrops of rock - contrast of dark and light - grouping of trees - still popular till 1900’s

33
Q

City beautiful movement (20th century)

A

monumental planning - paris beaux-arts - neoclassical monuments - axial planning - naturalistic landscaping complemented Beaux-Arts architectural gardens

34
Q

Humanists

A

classical myth - christian mystery - natural world - westerse esoteriek - symbolen in kunst

35
Q

New Urbanism

A

street pattern and land use of the old 19th century - socially vibrant environment - better homes for the poor - discipline the automobile - compact in scale

36
Q

De Stijl 1918

A

nieuwe beelding - Abstractie - universele waarden - niet verhalend - (anti -individualistisch, -ornamental, -emotie, -natuur) - nieuwe concepten natuur -> Licht, Zon, Lucht

37
Q

First, second and third nature

A

garden is the third, agrarian the second and wilderness the first

Garden Landscape Architecture (4 decks)

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