Landscape/Nursery test bank 2025 Flashcards by Madeline Burgess

What is the advantage of using plants in the landscape that are native to the area or plants that are derived from native species?
a. Native plants and selected varieties of native plants are less expensive
b. Native plants are selected varieties are smaller at maturity and require less pruning
c. Native plants and selected varieties will grow in all soil conditions in the area
d. Native plants and selected varieties are usually more resistant to pests and are better adapted to the environment of the area

d. Native plants and selected varieties are usually more resistant to pests and are better adapted to the environment of the area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A pesticide that enters the plant system and moves throughout the plant to control plant pests as they feed on the plant tissues is best defined as which of the following?
a. Systemic
b. Internal Poison
c. Fumigant
d. Contact Poison

a. Systemic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nutrient is most readily lost from the soil and is applied according to general recommendations for plant needs rather than soil test results?
a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorus
c. Calcium
d. Magnesium

a. Nitrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Generally, solid wooden fences should be about ____ feet high to provide privacy, some wind protection, and reduce noise.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10

b. 6

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is the best definition of “massing plants” in landscape design?
a. many plants that grow at different heights so that a vertical wall is formed.
b. one half deciduous and one half evergreen plants in a bed.
c. one-third each of deciduous plants, blooming plants, and evergreen plants.
d. many plants of one or a few species in a group to fill large amounts of landscape space.

d. many plants of one or a few species in a group to fill large amounts of landscape space.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An example of items commonly found in the service area of the home landscape include:
a. birdbaths, statuary, and fountains
b. specimen trees, fruiting shrubs, and fountains
c. miniature putting greens, vegetable gardens, and sitting areas
d. tool sheds, garbage cans, and storage

d. tool sheds, garbage cans, and storage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The walkway leading to the front door of a home should be at least _________ feet wide.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

b. 4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hydroseeding, which is the process of _________, is often used to establish grass on steep slopes.
a. applying a mixture of seed,water, fertilizer, and mulch in a spray slurry
b. infusing hydrogen into seed for quick germination
c. planting seeds by air pressure
d. soaking seeds in water and a mild paste before application

a. applying a mixture of seed,water, fertilizer, and mulch in a spray slurry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Turf that is to be maintained at 2 inches high should be moved when it is about ________ inches tall
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9

a. 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grasses that are to be maintained at a low height, such as bentgrass on golf greens, are best cut with a ________ mower
a. reel
b. rotary
c. fail
d. riding

a. reel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting businesses to ensure that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause harm to the employees?
a. American Community and Workplace Administration
b. Cooperative Extension Service
c. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
d. Hazard Prevention Administration

c. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the process of obtaining bids on large landscape projects, a _______ bond is often required to assure that the contractor who is selected as the winning bidder for the job will actually sign the contract and follow through to complete the landscape job he/she bid.
a. bail
b. bid
c. loss
d. materials

b. bid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Upright trees generally have a center, main branch called a _________ and side branches often called ________ branches.
a. top, terminal
b. sucker, scaffold
c. main, terminal
d. leader, lateral

d. leader, lateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A Federal government agency which, among other responsibilities, protects plant health by inspection for plant diseases that may be brought into the U.S. by international travelers at airports, ports, etc., is:
a. PLANET
b. APHIS
c. NCLA
d. OSHA

b. APHIS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carrying adequate liability insurance on the business helps reduce ________ for the business.
a. inventory
b. gross sales
c. risk
d. costs

c. risk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A simple plant leaf is made up of which of the following?
a. lenticels, internodes, and serrations
b. petiole and lenticels
c. internode, node, petiole, and leaf blade
d. petiole and leaf blade

d. petiole and leaf blade

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the analysis of a landscape business the following data for the year were collected. Which single item is most accurate in indicating the profitability of the business?
a. Gross sales = $68,000
b. Payroll = $185,000
c. Inventory = $213,000
d. Payroll = $350,000

b. Payroll = $185,000

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A customer tells you that a large limb about 5 inches in diameter was broken of of their tree recently is a storm leaving a frayed stub about 15 inches from the tree trunk. What is the best advice for this customer?
a. Spray the frayed stub with wound spray
b. Cut the frayed stub back about 5 inches from the trunk and seal with wound dressing.
c. Do nothing. Research has shown that treating wounds of this nature is not beneficial.
d. Make a clean cut next to the trunk, avoiding the collar area. Apply wound spray if desired.

d. Make a clean cut next to the trunk, avoiding the collar area. Apply wound spray if desired.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a Federal tax that is deducted from the paychecks of full time employees?
a. property tax
b. Medicaid
c. Social Security
d. state income tax

c. Social Security

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A call to _________ is always advisable if you think you may be digging anywhere near underground utility lines.
a. 411
b. 811
c. 888
d. 977

b. 811

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Patented plants cannot legally be propagated without ______________ being paid to the patent holder.
a. development taxes
b. patent rentals
c. hybrid taxes
d. royalties

d. royalties

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following would be the most likely to survive being planted into the landscape during the hot summer months?
a. bare root deciduous plants
b. containerized plants
c. bare root evergreens
d. balled and burlapped trees

b. containerized plants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The gap on a spark plug must be specified width in order to:
a. provide for the proper flow of gasoline into the cylinder
b. allow air flow into the cylinder, which vaporized the gasoline
c. regulate the mixture of air and gasoline
d. allow electricity to jump the gap, creating a spark to ignite the fuel

d. allow electricity to jump the gap, creating a spark to ignite the fuel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In most landscape plants, pruning stimulates:
a. regrowth of shoots near the cut
b. development of V- shaped crotches
c. root growth
d. internode growth near the cut

a. regrowth of shoots near the cut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

USDA Plant Hardiness Zones are based on the __________ for an area. a. lowest expected temperatures b. highest expected temperatures c. rainfall and soil characteristics d. all the above

a. lowest expected temperatures

Which of the statements below is TRUE concerning the turfgrass species specified? a. Annual Ryegrass is sometimes used as a nurse grass to hold soil in place until a permanent turfgrass is established b. Bermudagrass is always grown from seed and is one of the most shade tolerant turfgrasses c. Bentgrass is a noxious weed that invades lawns and golf greens in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 to 12 d. Annual Bluegrass is often used on putting greens due to its cold hardiness and fine texture

a. Annual Ryegrass is sometimes used as a nurse grass to hold soil in place until a permanent turfgrass is established

Astilbe, Purple Coneflower, Shasta Daisy, and Daylily are all classified which of the following? a. bulbous b. annuals c. perennials d. biennials

c. perennials

In pruning shrubs, heading back cuts should be made: a. just below a bud, and as close to the bud being removed as possible b. just above the bud in the middle of the internode c. diagonally across the center of a node d. just above a node, about one fourth of an inch above the bud

d. just above a node, about one fourth of an inch above the bud

Plants that are unusually colorful or have striking growth habits, as well as fountains and statuary, are often used in the landscape as which of the following? a. focalization points b. convex balance points c. silhouettes for balance d. mass materials for rhythm

a. focalization points

Which of the following is the recommended type of turf aeration that allows for maximum penetration of air and water into the soil? a. core b. triangular c. spike d. square

a. core

In general, when pruning trees, which of the following should be removed? a. crossing branches b. branches that grow toward the center of the plant c. water sprouts d. all the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following should NOT generally be added to a potting mix for azaleas? a. perlite b. lime c. peat moss d. sand

b. lime

The single word "caution" on a pesticide label indicates: a. the lowest level of toxicity b. the highest level of toxicity c. extreme danger to vertebrates d. a highly restrictive pesticide

a. the lowest level of toxicity

To help prevent plants from growing too close to a building at maturity, most shrubs in the foundation planting should be planted: a. about 6 to 12 feet from the foundation b. between 1 to 2 feet from the foundation c. no closer than 3 feet from the foundation d. no closer than 6 feet from the foundation

c. no closer than 3 feet from the foundation

An organism capable of causing a disease is called a(n): a. enzyme b. systemic c. pathogen d. carcinogen

c. pathogen

Which of these grasses cannot generally be established from seed and is most successfully established by plugs, sod, or sprigs? a. Hybrid Bermudagrass b. Kentucky Bluegrass c. Kentucky 31 Fescue d. Annual Ryegrass

a. Hybrid Bermudagrass

Which of the following is one strategy that small retail nurseries often use to successfully compete with big box stores and chain garden centers? a. selling products at a lower price b. providing better service c. advertising negatively against big box stores and chain garden centers d. advertising on TV

b. providing better service

In which area of a golf course is the care of turfgrass most intense and most important? a. green b. fairway c. rough d. fringe

a. green

Which tree does NOT provide food fall color? a. Red Maple b. Sugar Maple c. Ginkgo d. Norway Spruce

d. Norway Spruce

Changing the color of blooms on certain Hydrangea macrophylla varieties from pink to blue or from blue to pink is controlled by the availability of __________ in the soil a. nitrogen b. aluminum c. phosphorus d. iron

b. aluminum

Which of these is NOT a common type of night lighting for the landscape? a. shadow b. silhouette c. up d. crescent

d. crescent

Which of these plants has the finest leaf texture? a. Chinese Holly b. Japanese Holly c. Oregon Grape Mahonia d. Red Maple

b. Japanese Holly

Extra fuel for easier starting of a small engine is often supplied by pressing the __________. a. primer bulb b. flywheel c. fuel cell d. float valve

a. primer bulb

When is the optimum time to prune Azaleas? a. shortly before bud break in the spring b. shortly before blooming in the spring c. in the late fall d. between January 1 and March 1

b. shortly before blooming in the spring

A fuel/ oil mix ranging from 16:1 and 50:1, depending on the manufacturers' recommendation, is required in: a. two-cycle engines b. three-cycle engines c. four-cycle engines d. diesel engines

a. two-cycle engines

Which of these ornamental trees are commonly solid in either white or pink blooming varieties? a. Ginkgo b. Japanese Maple c. European Beech d. Dogwood

d. Dogwood

Which plant disease organism is the most difficult to control with chemicals once the plant is infected? a. bacteria b. fungus c. virus d. mildew

c. virus

IPM is an acronym for which of the following? a. interrelated pest management b. integrated pest management c. intensive pest management d. intensive pest material

b. integrated pest management

During a recession, businesses often have to cut costs to stay in business as sales decline. If sales fall for a production nursery, which cost can be reduced most effectively in the short run to help preserve the business? a. overhead costs b. variable costs c. fixed assets d. property taxes

b. variable costs

Which of the following is a false statement? a. Generally, shrubs in the landscape should be within bed lines b. Shrubs of the same species that are grouped together should generally be used in odd numbers c. Tall growing trees should be planted on the sides of the home with short trees in the back and medium sized trees in the front d. Cornus florida prefers partial shade

c. Tall growing trees should be planted on the sides of the home with short trees in the back and medium sized trees in the front

An agriculture teacher was teaching plant parts and trying to give her students a good way to remember the definition of each part. One student wrote the definitions down but got one wrong. Which of these is wrong? a. endosperm: the male portion of the flower b. stolon: a creeping horizontal plant stem or runner that grows on the ground c. rhizome: an underground stem that can rise up to form a new plant d. internode: the section of stamen between two nodes

a. endosperm: the male portion of the flower

If the temperature dips below freezing for several days, which of these plants would most likely NOT survive in the landscape without protection? a. Wax Begonia b. Pansy c. Cotoneaster d. Forsythia

a. Wax Begonia

Hedges, a common feature in many landscapes, are commonly used to do all of the following EXCEPT: a. define property lines and buffer noises b. provide privacy and block strong winds c. block the view of unpleasing objects d. define legally binding property boundaries

d. define legally binding property boundaries

Which of these best defines simplicity in landscape beds? a. use several plant species; separate plants so they will not touch at maturity; use sharp-curved bed lines b. use not only a few plant types; use gently curving bed lines; mass like plants together c. use only two of each of six or more plant species; do not mass plants; do not put like plants together d. use many curves in the bed lines; use several species of plants; avoid massing plants together

b. use not only a few plant types; use gently curving bed lines; mass like plants together

An example of items commonly used as a focal point in the non-public area of the home landscape are: a. specimen plants, birdbaths, statuary, and fountains. b. large trees, the front door,concrete walls, and windows. c. tall single-trunk trees, walkways, and vegetable gardens. d. turf pads, tall plants, and hedges.

a. specimen plants, birdbaths, statuary, and fountains.

The slope of the home landscape should be graded so that the: a. lot slope toward the home between .5 and 1 percent so that rainwater is directed to the foundation b. slope is as near level as possible c. lot has a gentle slope away from the foundation d. lot slopes toward the house 1 percent or more so that the foundation plants serve as a catch basin

c. lot has a gentle slope away from the foundation

When heat is used to pasteurize potting soil, the soil, the soil should be heated to about: a. 100 degrees for 30 minutes b. 115 degrees for 1 hour c. 180 degrees for 30 minutes d. 190 degrees for 4 hours

c. 180 degrees for 30 minutes

The practice of _____ is often used to quickly stabilize steep embankments. a. plugging b. stolonizing c. hydroseeding d. enviro-seeding

c. hydroseeding

Subcontractors on large landscape installations may be used to: a. install a fountain b. install an irrigation system c. grade the site d. all of the above

d. all of the above

All of the following are landscape lighting types used for various lighting effects EXCEPT: a. up lighting b. down lighting c. silhouette lighting d. sketch lighting

d. sketch lighting

If the architecture of the structure being landscaped is symmetrical, then a ___________ landscape would probably fit best. a. asymmetrical b. symmetrical c. bilateral d. vertical

b. symmetrical

Generally, ________ focal point(s) should be seen by the viewer from any one point in the landscape. a. no more than one b. all landscape c. only two to five d. only two

a. no more than one

The planting season of ________ is generally restricted to the late fall through early spring. a. bare-root shrubs and trees b. containerized shrubs and trees over 5 gallons c. containerized shrubs and trees less than 5 gallons d. herbaceous plants

a. bare-root shrubs and trees

Which of the following is the LEAST important question to ask while interviewing the client about a total home landscape plan? a. How many cars are in the family? b. What are the hobbies or special interests of the family members? c. Tell me about your pets? d. Where does the family like to go on vacation?

d. Where does the family like to go on vacation?

Material safety data sheets (MSDS) are best obtained from: a. the USDA b. wholesale nurseries. c. the manufacturer of the product. d. the State Department of Agriculture.

c. the manufacturer of the product.

Which of these is used to record the slope of different areas of the property? a. genome map b. contour map c. eco-map d. enviro-map

b. contour map

Generally, which of the following is true about the foliage texture of landscape plants? a. small leaved plants give a fine textured appearance b. large leaved plants provide a pubescence textured appearance c. coarse textured plants should not be used near fine textured plants d. fine textured plants should not be used in the foundation

a. small leaved plants give a fine textured appearance

If landscape plants need severe pruning generally it is best done in the: a. Summer when the plants are actively growing b. Winter when the plants are dormant c. Spring just as the buds begin to break d. Spring just after the plants are in full leaf

b. Winter when the plants are dormant

A very large tree next to a one story home would make the house appear ____to the viewer and violates the principle of proportion a. longer b. wider c. larger d. smaller

d. smaller

Which of these is true of cloned plants a. Meiosis is a part of the cloning process that produces the plant b. Cloned plants are genetically superior to the parent plant c. Cloned plants are genetic duplicates of the parent plants d. Cloned plants are genetically superior to the plants propagated from seed

c. Cloned plants are genetic duplicates of the parent plants

Which of these is a governmental agency with duties that include preventing the importation of plant diseases, insects, and non native invasive species a. PLANET b. APHIS c. NLCA d. OSHA

b. APHIS

A fertilizer with the analysis of 5-10-15 contains ____ % magnesium a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. the % magnesium cannot be determined from the information given

d. the % magnesium cannot be determined from the information given

The total value of goods and services sold over a given period of time is determined as: a. marginal sales b. gross profit c. gross sales d. marginal revenue

c. gross sales

The three most distinct areas of a residence to be landscaped are known as a. Public, private, service b. front, back and extended c. commercial residential and private d. Commercial service and public

a. Public, private, service

When planting seeds the most important factor to consider when determining how deep to plant the seed is the: a. Size of the seeds b. Viability of the seeds c. Soil temperature d. Depth of the topsoil

a. Size of the seeds

Which of these plants can best survive freezing temperatures in the landscape a. Marigold b. Zinnia c. Impatiens d. Pansy

d. Pansy

Which of these plants can best survive freezing temperatures in the landscape a. Marigold b. Zinnia c. Impatiens d. Pansy

b. Zinnia

Other than a 3 dimensional model of a proposed landscape project nothing allows a better visualization of the proposed design than a a. Basemap drawing b. Perspective drawing c. Contour display d. Plot plan drawing

b. Perspective drawing

Which of these are not traditional drawing tools used in drawing landscapes plans a. Protractor, compass, scale b. T-square, triangle, lettering template c. French curve, erasers, flexible curves d. bow arch, twist curve, inch meter

d. bow arch, twist curve, inch meter

Maintaining the proper soil pH is a must for the efficient use of other crop inputs. Understanding that soil pH controls the _______ is important for plant producers. a. availability of most nutrients b. amount of moisture available to the plant c. germination of most crop seeds d. effectiveness of herbicides

a. availability of most nutrients

A plant transplanted into the landscape or potted into a larger pot should be planted: a. about 2-3 inches deeper than it was originally growing b. about 2-3 inches higher than it was originally growing c. at the same depth it was originally growing d. so that at least one inch of the main stem is still covered

c. at the same depth it was originally growing

The following size trees were advertised in a wholesale catalog. Which tree is the largest? a. 6 inch caliper b. 18-24 inch whip c. 5-6 feet d. it is impossible to determine by the information provided

a. 6 inch caliper

A soil that contains nearly equal amounts of sand , silt, and clay is called a(n) ______ a. sandy, silty, clay soil b. loam c. silty clay d. equilaterally textured soil

b. loam

Which of these are NOT terms used for irrigation materials and equipment, or in irrigation calculations? a. velocity, pressure rated pipe, rotary head b. impact drive head, gear drive head, emitter c. precipitation rate, drip tubing, pop- up head d. pressure site, surge gate, micro head

d. pressure site, surge gate, micro head

A common choice for producing plants in poorly drained sites is to: a. use raised beds b. incorporate clay into the site c. install drying tubes d. establish moisture zones

a. use raised beds

Which of the following is a hybrid cross between a red maple and silver maple? a. Acer x freemanii b. Acer palmatum c. Acer rubrum 'October glory' d. acer platanoides

a. Acer x freemanii

Which of the following would need the most protection from hot and dry locations in the landscape, especially the hot afternoon sun? a. Gardenia b. Red Maple c. Sweet Gum d. Bermudagrass

a. Gardenia

A good growing medium for potted crops contains solids, air, and water. The medium, by volume, should be ___ percent solids with balance made up of air and water. a. 30 to 50 b. 75 to 90 c. 85 to 95 d. 95- 99

a. 30 to 50

Which of these in a home compost pile serves as an inoculant by adding beneficial microorganisms to the compost pile? a. plant parts killed by disease b. topsoil c. leaves d. limbs

b. topsoil

It is important to keep the air filter on a lawn mower clean and free of debris to: a. prevent crankcase fatigue b. keep the spark plug clean and in operating condition c. prevent oil reservoir contamination d. prevent dust and debris from entering the carburetor

d. prevent dust and debris from entering the carburetor

Which of the following statements is true about applying fertilizer to a lawn? a. lawn fertilizer should be applied as a dry,granular product b. it is best to apply fertilizer in the morning when the grass is wet from the morning dew c. modern lawn fertilizer should always be applied as a liquid d. it is a good practice to water-in fertilizer that is applied to the lawn in granular form

d. it is a good practice to water-in fertilizer that is applied to the lawn in granular form

The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is based on the _____ for an area. a. minimum expected temperatures b. maximum expected temperatures c. weather and soil characteristics d. all of the above

a. minimum expected temperatures

A Slow Moving Vehicle sign is required on the back of any farm vehicle or implement that travels on the road at less than 25 miles per hour. Which of these best describes a Slow Moving Vehicle sign? a. a sign with a yellow border and black center b. a green and white sign with the words ' Slow Moving Vehicle' in black lettering. c. a fluorescent yellow-orange triangle with a dark red reflective border d. a red sign with the reflective letters 'SMV' in the center

c. a fluorescent yellow-orange triangle with a dark red reflective border

The success of a compost pile in the process of decomposition can be estimated to some degree by the: a. amount of heat given of b. type of odor given of c. color of the exterior surface d. moisture generated in outermost layers

a. amount of heat given of

Auxin is: a. a growth inhibitor used in the production of dwarf landscape plants b. the capital of Texas and an area known for landscape plant production c. a hormone produced in the Terminal bud; it accounts for apical dominance and is used in rooting cuttings d. a pesticide used to control white flies and certain other insects or ornamentals

c. a hormone produced in the Terminal bud; it accounts for apical dominance and is used in rooting cuttings

A ________ is a material added to a liquid spray solution to reduce surface tension between the liquid and the leaf surface. a. pheromone b. condensate c. surfactant d. flocculent

c. surfactant

Which of these is a reason to recommend the selection of a grass seed blend of two or more grass species rather than the seed of a single species? a. the client has a combination of sunny and shady locations in the area to be planted b. the slight color contrast of different grass species adds interest to the landscape c. a blend of grass species helps reduce grass allergies d. grass blends are easier to irrigate and fertilize

a. the client has a combination of sunny and shady locations in the area to be planted

Which of these is sometimes planted to hold the soil in place until a permanent turfgrass can be established? a. Annual Ryegrass b. Bermudagrass c. Bentgrass d. Annual Bluegrass

a. Annual Ryegrass

For maximum benefits and cost effectiveness, mulch is generally applied about ____ inch(es) deep. a. 1 b. 3-4 c. 10 d. 10-16

b. 3-4

Soil sample cores from the lawn should be taken about ___ inch(es) deep. a. 1 b. 3 c. 6 d. 14

c. 6

Locally owned, independent garden centers have found it difficult to compete with chain stores on price. In many cases, they have been able to remain competitive by providing: a. longer hours of operation b. better guarantees c. cleaner and brighter stores d. better service

d. better service

Which of these plants is most likely to survive in the landscape if temperatures go below freezing for extended periods? a. Wax Begonia b. Pansy c. Striped Dracena d. Benjamin Fig

b. Pansy

Which of the following hardiness zones is warmer than Zone 3? a. Zone 1 b. Zone A c. Zone B-2 d. Zone 6

d. Zone 6

Which LD-50 rating listed is most toxic to humans? a. 17 b. 84 c. 905 d. 1000

a. 17

Watering plants _____________ will help reduce disease in nursery crops. a. late in the afternoon b. in the morning c. in the late evening d. in the early evening

b. in the morning

An advantage of using a landscape fabric around plants rather than black polyethylene film is that landscape fabric: a. warms the root zone b. eliminates the need for mulch c. provides for the exchange of gases between soil and air d. provides color to the landscape as desired

c. provides for the exchange of gases between soil and air

Sand used in potting mixes for horticultural crops should generally be _________ textured. a. smooth b. very fine c. fine to medium d. coarse

d. coarse

In the commercial nursery trade, additions are often made to the binomial name of the plant, such as, 'Crimson King' to the name Acer platanoides. In this case, 'Crimson King' is the ____________ name. a. species b. cultivar c. genus d. order

b. cultivar

Ginkgo biloba is a tree known for its: a. excellent fall color b. fragrant spring flowers c. ease of transplanting d. colorful, edible fruit

a. excellent fall color

The soil should be framed around newly transplanted plants to prevent: a. drying of plant roots b. soil heaving in winter c. disease d. insects from invading the soft soil

a. drying of plant roots

A plant pathologist studies: a. diseases and insects of plants b. plant propagation methods c. plant diseases d. adaptation of plants to the landscape

c. plant diseases

Which of the following landscape materials is derived from a naturally occurring organic source? a. perlite b. peat moss c. pea gravel d. vermiculite

b. peat moss

The most commonly used propagation method for shrubs such as Japanese and Chinese hollies is: a. layering b. stem cutting c. cleft grafting d. root cutting

b. stem cutting

in the most asymmetrical landscape designs when using fewer than 10 shrubs, they should be planted in: a. groups of two b. even number groups c. groups of four d. odd number groups

d. odd number groups

What are the major advantages of adding mulch around landscape plantings? a. conserve nutrients,prevent runoff, reduce disease, and prevent carbon dioxide loss b. retain moisture, cool plant trucks, control disease, and store nutrients c. control insects, improve aeration, control weeds, and provided air exchange d. retain moisture, cool plant trunks, control disease, and store nutrients

b. retain moisture, cool plant trucks, control disease, and store nutrients

Field-grown trees are root pruned to: a. force more of the tree's energy into top growth b. encourage a more compact root system c. encourage tap root growth d. prevent entanglement of roots with the roots of nearby plants

b. encourage a more compact root system

A __________ plant that produces male flowers on one plant and female flower parts on another plant. a. staminate b. monecious c. diecious d. gymnosperm

c. diecious

Which of the following is correct about scalping lawns? a. Scalping is generally undesirable, occurring on uneven ground or when a mower blade is set too low b. Scalping is recommended to be done only one timer per year and in mid-summer c. Scalping is most beneficial if done in the fall d. Lawns in good condition need scalping only once every two or three years

a. Scalping is generally undesirable, occurring on uneven ground or when a mower blade is set too low

This nutrient is generally not tested for in soil tests. Instead, standard recommendations are given for its rate of application, depending on the plants or crop to be grown. a. nitrogen b. phosphorus c. potassium d. magnesium

a. nitrogen

To assure a soil test covers most of the root zone, soil core samples should be taken to a depth about _____ inches. a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 14

c. 6

In what position should a deciduous tree be planted to shade a building from the hot afternoon sun during the summer and allow the warming sun rays to reach the building in winter? a. East b. North c. Northwest d. Southwest

d. Southwest

Iron deficiency in plants is exhibited by: a. yellowing between the leaf veins while the veins remain green. b. browning leaf margins c. pathogenic materials forming in the leaves d. leaves with a scorched appearance.

a. yellowing between the leaf veins while the veins remain green

The _____ of the front of the home is usually the front door, with plantings leading the viewers' eye toward the door. a. attractive focus b. social area c. focal point d. attention focus

c. focal point

A flower that has a stamen but is lacking a pistil is called a ________ flower. a. male b. female c. complete d. radical

a. male

126. An unthrifty potted plant that has dead roots at the bottom of the container but healthier roots near the top of the pot may indicate: a. that the pot has been overwatered for an extended period of time c. that the pot is too small for the plant b. the drain holes in the pot are too large d. under-fertilization over an extended period of time

a. that the pot has been overwatered for an extended period of time

Plants to be used in interiorscapes are produced in conditions for best plant growth. Before being placed in interiorscapes, where the growing conditions will be less desirable, the plants should be _______ to the new environment. a. acclimated b. softened c. scaled d. espaliered

a. acclimated

Most plants do not grow well in wet, poorly drained soils because of: a. low oxygen content b. high pH c. excess nitrogen d. low soil temperature

a. low oxygen content

The process of converting food energy into energy for plant growth is called: a. respiration b. photosynthesis c. acclimatization d. transpiration

a. respiration

Providing ________ is one technique often used to help speed up the rooting of cuttings. a. soil cooling b. bottom heat c. leaf heating d. extra fertilizer

b. bottom heat

Plant clones may be produced in several ways, including: a. stem cuttings b. sexual and asexual reproduction c. sexual propagation d. seeds

a. stem cuttings

Herbicides may be classified as ________ based on the time of their application a. pre-selective or post-selective b. pre-emergence or post-emergence c. utility or general purpose d. selective or nonselective

b. pre-emergence or post-emergence

Suppose a home, when viewed from the front, has the same architectural features on each side of the front door. A(n) _________ balanced landscape would fit this home best. a. symmetrically b. informally c. asymmetrically d. rhythmically

a. symmetrically

Most plants grow best in soil with a pH range of _______. a. 3.5 to 5 b. 4 to 5 c. 6 to 6.5 d. 7 to 8

d. 7 to 8

When using a riding lawn mower on slopes, it is safer to mow: a. in a circular pattern on the sloper b. across the slope c. diagonally across the slope d. up and down the slope

b. across the slope

The best time of day to take stem cuttings of landscape plants for propagation is: a. mid-day b. early morning c. early evening d. mid-afternoon

a. mid-day

To help assure grass seeds are distributed evenly during planting: a. use a drop spreader with a setting of seven b. use a rotary spreader with a setting of nine c. sow one-half of the seed by hang and one-half of the seed with a spreader d. sow one-half the seed in one direction and sow one-half at right angles to the first direction of seeding

c. sow one-half of the seed by hang and one-half of the seed with a spreader

As general rule, when applying liquid pesticides: a. spray just until the solution begins to drip slightly from the leaves b. spray until approximately 1/3 of the solution applied has dripped from the plant c. apply two short blasts of spray to each area of the plant d. apply three short blasts of spray to each area of the plant

b. spray until approximately 1/3 of the solution applied has dripped from the plant

In landscape terms, which of the following best defines an invasive species? a. a native plant that grows rapidly, over-taking cultivated landscape plants b. a non-native aggressive plant species that crowds-out native plants and other cultivated species c. a plant species with an aggressive and extensive root system that clogs septic and water lines d. any desirable plant

b. a non-native aggressive plant species that crowds-out native plants and other cultivated species

The rooting medium for cuttings of most landscape plants should be: a. high in fertility b. low in fertility c. very fine textured d. inorganic only

b. low in fertility

The term organic means: a. a material derived from plant or animal materials b. better than non-organic products c. safer than non-organic products d. all of these

a. a material derived from plant or animal materials

Plants that are very tolerant of dry conditions are called: a. conifers b. xerophytes c. monocotyledonous d. dicotyledonous

b. xerophytes

When grafting, special attention is given to: a. matching the cambium layer of the rootstock with the cambium layer of the scion b. making sure that the scion is smaller than the rootstock c. selecting a scion that is at least two times larger than the rootstock d. selecting scion wood from the same tree as the rootstock

a. matching the cambium layer of the rootstock with the cambium layer of the scion

Should employees become injured or ill due to work-related causes, they can receive financial assistance through their state's _____________ program. a. OSHA Reimbursement b. Workers' Compensation c. FEMA Assistance d. APHIS Worker Assistance

b. Workers' Compensation

Which of the following are all fixed assets? a. land, buildings, cash-on-hand b. buildings, inventory, bank balance c. cash-on-hand, inventory, tractors d. land, buildings, irrigation pond

d. land, buildings, irrigation pond

To prevent destroying good soil structure, do not till the soil: a. when it is humid b. when it is very wet c. when the moon is full d. when the air temperature is below 30 F degrees or above 90 F degrees

b. when it is very wet

The depth seeds should be planted is determined mainly by: a. the size of the seeds b. the depth of the fat c. the viability of the seeds d. all the above

a. the size of the seeds

Xeriscaping is best defined as: a. the use of techniques to minimize landscape plants and maximize hardscape materials b. the absence of landscaping c. a type landscaping that utilizes techniques to conserve water d. a landscape using mostly hardscape materials with no in-ground plants, and limited containerized plants

c. a type landscaping that utilizes techniques to conserve water

When "orientalis" is used in the botanical name of a plant, it means that the plant: a. is native to, or originated in, eastern Asia b. should be planted with a specific c. is closely related to occidentalis plants d. is a 'shade loving' plant orientation

a. is native to, or originated in, eastern Asia

Which federal agency was established to make the workplace safer? a. OSHA b. EPA c. USDA d. APHIS

a. OSHA

Which of the following would be found on a four-cycle engine but not on a two-cycle engine? a. carburetor b. oil tank c. spark plug d. fuel tank

b. oil tank

Which of the following is NOT a guideline to use in planning and implementing an integrated pest management program (PM)? a. Use control that will cause the least amount of injury to the pest's natural enemies. b. Use the control that has the least potential to cause harm to humans. c. Use the control that is the safest no matter the cost or effectiveness. d. Use the control that will cause the least damage to the environment

c. Use the control that is the safest no matter the cost or effectiveness.

Which type of propagation would generally result in the greatest genetic variation? a. tip cuttings b. seeds c. root cuttings d. air layering

b. seeds

A ________ soil has the largest pore spaces, drains the quickest, and has the poorest nutrient holding ability. a. clay b. sandy c. clay loam d. silt loam

b. sandy

Which of these is the most difficult to control in an individual plant once the plant is infected? a. mildew b. bacteria c. fungi d. virus

d. virus

The metabolic rate of most seed would be expected to slow down significantly when: a. stored in a cool, dry place b. planted in moist soil c. stored in humid and warm conditions d. exposed to indirect sunlight

a. stored in a cool, dry place

Life in a good landscape topsoil contains all the following EXCEPT: a. worms b. bacteria c. aphids d. fungi

c. aphids

Lichens growing on a landscape plant are a sign that the plant is: a. declining in health or vigor. b. under attack by the lichen organism. c. is a slow growth mode while preparing for winter d. in a vigorous stage of growth.

a. declining in health or vigor.

Plants such as ginkgo and holly that have only male or female flowers on a single plant are called a. imperfect b. perfect c. monecious d. dioecious

d. dioecious

Water standing on a lawn for long periods of time is a sign of poor internal soil drainage, also known as: a. effective depth capacity. b. continuity c. soil tilth d. permeability

d. permeability

Slope of the land is an important factor in planning a landscape. Lawns with a slope over about _____ are a challenge to mow safely. a. 6 inches of fall in 100 feet b. a foot of fall in 100 feet c. 2 percent d. 5 percent

d. 5 percent

The type of ________ an insect has is most important to know in the selection of a control method. a. eye sight b. eggs c. mouthparts d. wings

c. mouthparts

A nurseryman who has purchased scion stock of a popular plant variety probably will use the stock for: a. grafting. b. sexual reproduction. c. rooting. d. micro-propagation.

a. grafting.

Two of the most common tests performed on potting soil are to determine pH and _____ levels. a. soluble salts b. nitrogen c. oxygen d. silt

a. soluble salts

Disease-producing agents such as bacteria and fungi are known as: a. mosaic vectors. b. mutant organisms. c. pathogens. d. biogenes.

c. pathogens

A ________ is something useful in an area to prevent the growth of any plants. a. direct emergent herbicide b. selective herbicide c. growth regulator d. soil sterilant

d. soil sterilant

A __________ soil is one that contains a combination of sand, silt, and clay particles in relatively equal amounts. It is a soil ideal for most garden plants because it holds plenty of moisture but also drains well so that sufficient air can reach the roots. a. platy b. loamy c. prismatic d. horizon

b. loamy

Plant hardiness zone maps are based on: a. temperature b. sunlight c. frost date d. elevation

a. temperature

Where would you find the following warning? "For retail sale to and application only by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervisors." a. On a pesticide container used as a wettable powder. b. On a restricted-use pesticide container. c. On a pesticide container with the word "Caution" on the label. d. On all pesticides for which an MSDS has been issued.

b. On a restricted-use pesticide container.

An emitter, backflow prevention valve, and solenoid valve are items used in: a. control of soluble salts. b. fumigation. c. irrigation. d. toxicity analysis.

c. irrigation

A biological control that could be used to control an insect might be: a. Captan with less than 25% active insecticide b. the insect's natural enemy such as a wasp. c. daconil with 25% Captan d. any of the cultural control methods

b. the insect's natural enemy such as a wasp.

The configuration of the surface of the land, including hills, valleys, and fat areas, is referred to as: a. aesthetic declination b. surface declination c. topography d. permeability

c. topography

The hardscape includes items such as: a. ornamental grasses b. ornamental vegetable plants c. fruits, nuts, and vegetables d. fences and patios

d. fences and patios

Plants that have a life cycle of more than two growing seasons are known as: a. annuals b. perennials c. hardy annuals d. succulent plants

b. perennials

What time is generally best to prune most deciduous trees? a. early fall b. late summer c. late winter d. early winter

c. late winter

A bag of fertilizer with an analysis of 5-10-15 consist of: a. 5% nitrogen, 10% potash and 15% phosphorus. b. 5% potash, 10% nitrogen, and 15% phosphorus. c. 5 pounds of nitrogen, 10 pounds of phosphorus, and 15 pounds of potash. d. 5% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus, and 15% potash.

d. 5% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus, and 15% potash.

This pest control method may be used to kill weed seeds, insects, and underground plant parts. It may also be used to kill nematodes and disease organisms in potting soil or in an outdoor plot that will be planted in a high-value crop. a. soil fumigants b. systemics c. nematicides d. emulsifiable concentrates

a. soil fumigants

when a pollen grain lands on a stigma, _______ has taken place. a. fertilization b. pollination c. pollephytic stimulation d. germination

b. pollination

Which of the following is true? a. Inorganic fertilizers have been proven to be much better than organic fertilizers. b. organic fertilizers have been proven to be much better than inorganic fertilizers. c. Inorganic fertilizers have been proven to be safer than organic fertilizers. d. Inorganic fertilizers generally release their nutrients quicker than organic fertilizers.

d. Inorganic fertilizers generally release their nutrients quicker than organic fertilizers.

Most of the damaging white grubs found in lawns are the larvae of: a. crickets. b. wasps. c. moths. d. beetles

d. beetles

What language is used in the scientific naming of plants to ensure uniformity regardless of where the plant is grown? a. English b. Spanish c. Latin d. French

c. Latin

Heavy phosphorus applications to potted bedding plants will cause: a. floral initiation b. lower soluble salts in the soil c. longer stem internodes d. vegetative growth

a. floral initiation

Plants that are NOT turgid can be described as: a. bolting b. crisp c. herbaceous d. wilting

d. wilting

A system for growing plants with the roots supplied with nutrients in a diluted fertilizer solution is called: a. hydroponics b. chemotherapy c. hydraulics d. chemagrow

a. hydroponics

When transplanting seedlings, the soil moisture content should be: a. dry enough that the solid flows like sand b. moist enough that the soil forms a clump when squeezed c. moist enough that water can be squeezed from the soil d. moist enough that a puddle forms under the soil

b. moist enough that the soil forms a clump when squeezed

When transplanting seedlings, diseased plants should be: a. removed from the potting area b. sprayed when transplanted c. transplanted as normal d. transplanted then sprayed

a. removed from the potting area

After you have transplanted seedlings, the seedlings should be placed: a. in a cooler b. in direct sunlight c. under a bench d. under mist

d. under mist

Container-grown stock is pruned to: a. reduce frost kill b. develop more shoots at the tip of the plant c. induce compact growth d. secure cuttings for next years stock

c. induce compact growth

For most plant species, the best time to transplant seeds down in a flat is when the plants: a. begin to get crowded b. have a large amount of roots c. have one set of true leaves d. reach a height of about two inches

c. have one set of true leaves

The viability of a group of seeds is measured by: a. the number of seeds planted b. maturity of the seeds c. the germination percentage d. permeability of the seeeds

c. the germination percentage

Trees that produce naked seeds not enclosed in ovaries such as pines and spruces are: a. angiosperms b. thallophytes c. gymnosperms d. evergreens

c. gymosperms

The process of removing a portion of the seed coat to allow water to enter the seed for germination is known as: a. propagation b. mastication c. scarification d. stratification

c. scarification

At what point on the cutting will roots usually develop first? a. close to a node b. just above the soil line c. at the very base of the internode d. along the internode

a. close to a node

Most hollies are prized for their: a. flowers b. berries c. fall leaf color d. fragrance

b. berries

To kill existing crabgrass in a lawn, a _____ should be applied. a. post emergence herbicide b. selective fungicide c. nonselective herbicide d. pre-emergence fungicide

a. post emergence herbicide

Which of these treatments would likely stimulate the greatest growth of lateral buds in woody plants? a. spraying with an antidessicant b. heavy watering in the fall c. fertilization before dormancy d. pruning of the terminals

d. pruning of the terminals

Plants store energy in the fort of: a. fats b. carbon dioxide c. carbohydrates d. carbon credits

c. carbohydrates

A good soil pH range for most nursery plants would be: a. 7.0 to 8.5 b. 4.5 to 5.5 c. 5.5 to 6.5 d. 6.5 to 7.0

c. 5.5 to 6.5

For better and faster rooting, bottom heat is sometimes applied to cuttings in rooting beds to keep the solid temperature _____. a. 75 to 80 degrees F b. 60 to 65 degrees F c. 55 to 60 degrees F d. 45 to 55 degrees F

a. 75 to 80 degrees F

In the landscape of a very large industrial building, the landscape designer placed large trees in front of the building in a "V" shape with the point of the V at the main entrance to the building. In this design, she was using the straight lines of the V to: a. distract the viewer from the size of the building b. lead the viewers eye to the entry c. lead the viewers eye away from the entry to emphasize the size of the building d. establish textural differences in the lanscape

b. lead the viewers eye to the entry

The law dealing with the requirement to educate workers on chemical safety and to make workers aware of chemical hazards in their work environment is known as the _____ law. a. MSDS b. Right to Know c. Workplace Hazards d. Comprehensive Chemical Safety

b. Right to Know

Which of the following best describes an attractive and easily maintained design for landscape beds and lawn areas? a. acute angles of less than 30 degrees with sloping lines b. long, curved, sweeping bed lines with distinct edges c. obtuse angles, straight bed lines d. parallel lines with wide angles and narrow edging

b. long, curved, sweeping bed lines with distinct edges