Floriculture test bank 2025 Flashcards by Madeline Burgess

What is a condition in which a leaf has a striped, margined, or mottled color rather than green, where green is normal?
a. Chlorotic
b. Compounded
c. Straited
d. Variegated

D. Variegated

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What do many spring crops require in order to flower?
a. fertilization
b. pollination
c. transpiration
d. vernalization

d. vernalization

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The presence of sticky ‘honey dew’ drops on the leaves of plants within a greenhouse production system could indicate which pest?
a. whitefly
b. aphid
c. worms
d. wasps

b. aphid

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Close placement of one material directly behind the primary material giving a three- dimensional appearance is called _____.
a. pave
b. grouping
c. tailoring
d. shadowing

d. shadowing

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Considering supply and demand, what would be the anticipated prediction for the effect on the prices of roses surrounding Valentines day?
a. Rose prices would remain steady and unaffected
b. Rose prices would increase
c. Rose prices would drop
d. Not applicable; roses are not available during that season

b. Rose prices would increase

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Which of the following are examples of ACHROMATIC colors?
a. red and green
b. blue and orange
c. black, white, and gray
d. pink and purple

c. black white and gray

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In a floral shop business, the difference between the cost of goods sold and the retail price is called the:
a. mark up
b. price differential
c. mark down
d. profit

a. mark up

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Foliage turning purple on a greenhouse plant shows a deficiency of:
a. nitrogen
b. phosphorous
c. magnesium
d. sulfur

b. phosphorous

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The breathing pore in the stem is called a:
a. scar
b. lenticel
c. bud
d. scale

b. lenticel

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A clogged floral stem is caused by an air embolism. This is where:
a. a bubble of air enters the xylem
b. air dries out the floral stem
c. a bubble of air enters the phloem
d. air caused the rupture of the floral stem

a. a bubble of air enters the xylem

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Which is the most common form of sexual plant propagation?
a. cuttings
b. division
c. grafting
d. seeds

d. seeds

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A general rule to use to transplant seedlings is after:
a. a sufficient root system has developed
b. the first true leaves have developed
c. four-six leaves have developed
d. as soon as the plant emerges from the seed coat

b. the first true leaves have developed

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The ease of visual movement that results from gradual degree changes among one or more elements is ______.
a. repetition
b. depth
c. unity
d transition

d. transition

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what is the purpose of “pinching” plants?
a. pinching is the removal of dead flowers
b. pinching helps the plants become more bushy
c. pinching helps the plants require less fertilizer
d. pinching is the removal of large insects such as beetles

b. pinching helps the plants become more bushy

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The hook method of wiring for floral arrangements is used for _______.
a. tubular flowers
b. delicate flowers
c. flat headed flowers
d. roses

c. flat headed flowers

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____ refers to the perception of an arrangement being in balance of equal in weight on both sides of the central axis
a. centering
b. scale
c. symmetrical balance
d. golden mean

c. symmetrical balance

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_________ is the pleasing relationship in size and shape among objects or parts of objects.
a. counterbalancing
b. visual balance
c. balance
d. asymmetrical balance

b. visual balance

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Occurs when the plant material and the manner of placement are different on each side of the central vertical axis; however, the arrangement must appear to be in balance.
a. counterbalancing
b. visual balance
c. balance
d. asymmetrical balance

d. asymmetrical balance

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__________occurs when both sides of the design have or seem to have the same physical weight.
a. rhythm
b. proportion
c. physical balance
d. visual weight

c. physical balance

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______________ is the physical or visual stability of a floral design.
a. rhythm
b. proportion
c. balance
d. asymmetrical balance

c. balance

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____________ deals with the relative size among objects or parts of objects.
a. rhythm
b. proportion
c. physical balance
d. visual weight

b. proportion

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The arrangement should be ______ to ______ times the height of a tall container or the length of an elongated container.
a. 2 to 3
b. 1 1/2 to 1
c. 1 1/2 to 2
d. none of the above

c. 1 1/2 to 2

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__________ capacity is the measure of a medium’s capacity to hold nutrients.
a. aeration
b. cation exchange
c. conservatory
d. chamber

b. cation exchange

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A ________ is a greenhouse designed for the display of plants.
a. headhouse
b. conservatory
c. glazing house
d. rolling house

b. conservatory

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________ is the art and science of selecting, placing and maintaining plants to improve and enhance the appearance of the indoor environment. a. exteriorscaping b. interiorscaping c. landscaping d. interior decorating

b. interiorscaping

A tunicate bulb has a dry, papery covering called a _____. a. basal plate b. scales c. tunic d. rhizome

c. tunic

______ is a term used to describe the practices that get bulbs to grow and produce flowers. a. pushing b. stripping c. forcing d. coddling

c. forcing

Odd numbers should be used in arrangements when fewer than ____ flowers of one kind are used. a. 10 b. 3 c. 8 d. 5

a. 10

All foliage plants must be ____ prior to installing in an interior area. a. smelled b. acclimated c. cut and dried d. sold

b. acclimated

________ induces adventitious roots to form on stems while they are still attached to the parent plant. a. division b. budding c. layering d. grafting

c. layering

Secondary colors include orange, green, and _______. a. yellow b. violet c. lavender d. purple

b. violet

The _________ method of wiring is used for flowers that have a thick calyx such as carnations and roses. a. wrap b. hybrid c. hook d. piercing

d. piercing

The number one foliage production state in acres and wholesale value is __________ a. California b. Texas c. Oregon d. Florida

d. Florida

The flower part that contains the pollen is the__________. a. filament b. anther c. stigma d. style

b. anther

Fungus gnat damage to potted plants is caused by the ___________ stage. a. larval b. pupa c. adult d. instar

a. larval

The bract that encloses a flower cluster is a _____________. a. sepal b. ballast c. spathe d. calyx

c. spathe

Food is translocated in plants through a tissue called the __________. a. xylem b. phloem c. cambium d. mesophyll

b. phloem

Plants need the __________ spectrum of light for good foliage development. a. yellow b. white c. violet d. blue

d. blue

The plant element responsible for flowering is _____________. a. nitrogen b. phosphorous c. potassium d. calcium

b. phosphorous

An element used for strong stems, roots and shows damage of brown leaf tips when deficient is __________. a. nitrogen b. phosphorous c. potassium d. calcium

c. potassium

A plant that lives for two or more years is a __________________. a. annual b. biennial c. perennial d. evergreen

c. perennial

Cut branches of evergreens that are 20-30 inches long are termed ______________. a. trim b. boughs c. fillers d. cuttings

b. boughs

African Violets are typically propagated by ____________ cuttings. a. root b. stem c. leaf d. none of the above

c. leaf

When upper leaves show interveinal chlorosis, the plant probably suffers from a deficiency of ___________. a. potassium b. chlorophyll c. phosphorous d. iron

d. iron

The unit of heat measurement used in the greenhouse industry is the: a. natural gas b. kilowatt hour c. BTU d. propane tank

c. BTU

The showy red, pink, or white portions of the poinsettia are called: a. flowers b. leaves c. calyx d. bracts

d. bracts

Which is not a primary color? a. red b. orange c. yellow d. blue

b. orange

Which of the florist crops below are propagated by cuttings? a. carnation b. azalea c. chrysanthemum d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The treatment given to Easter lilies to speed flowering is called: a. hormone treatment b. hardening off c. presale d. precooling

d. precooling

___________ regulate water vapor loss in the leaf. a. spongy mesophyll b. inclusive membranes c. guard cells d. stomata

d. stomata

The order of elements in a 5-10-18 is: a. N, P, K b. P, K, N c. K, P, N d. none of the above

a. N, P, K

If a hue is diluted with gray, the resulting color is called a ________. a. contrast b. tone c. pastel d. none of the above

b. tone

Which is another name for florist tape? a. green tape b. parafilm c. wax tape d. none of the above

b. parafilm

Ferns, baby's breath, statice, croton, and huckleberry are all examples of ______ flowers. a. mass b. line c. form d. filler

d. filler

Bird of Paradise, lilies and orchids are examples of _______ flowers. a. mass b. line c. form d. filler

c. form

Roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, zinnias and tulips are all examples of _______ flowers. a. mass b. line c. form d. filler

a. mass

a circular design does not have: a. balance b. focal point c. harmony d. none of the above

b. focal point

To create the proper scale in a floral design, flowers at the focal point should be: a. at bud stage b. at tight bug stage c. at full bloom d. none of the above

c. at full bloom

An accent is used in a design to? a. draw attention to the design b. create a focal point c. emphasize an area of interest d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The basic principle that creates interest in a floral design is? a. balance b. harmony c. scale d. focal point

d. focal point

What type of balance can be used to create and design with an informal approach? a. symmetrical b. asymmetrical c. isometrical d. circular

b. asymmetrical

Ribbon varies in _____. a. texture b. pattern c. workability d. all of the above

d. all of the above

An entire roll of ribbon is called a ___. a. accessory b. bolt c. roll d. none of the above

b. bolt

Single face ribbon _____. a. has a shiny and dull side b. is dull on both sides c. is shiny on both sides d. none of the above

a. has a shiny and dull side

For optimum vase life, most cut flowers should be stored at temperatures as close to ______ degrees F as possible. a. 35 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

a. 35

The international wholesale market for cut flowers and foliage is located in _____. a. America b. Canada c. Holland d. Peru

c. Holland

There are 17 elements needed to provide the necessary plant nutrients. Macronutrients are the ________ nutrients and are needed in _________ amounts. a. major, larger b. minor, larger c. major, smaller d. minor, smaller

a. major, larger

Dampening off is a common _____ disease in germinating seeds and seedlings. a. viral b. bacterial c. fungal d. none of the above

c. fungal

Percent germination is the percentage of _____ that will _____ and ______. a. cells, divide, degenerate b. cells, form, reproduce c. stems, roots, split d. seeds, sprout, grow

d. seeds, sprout, grow

The purpose of plant propagation is to produce _______ and _______ breeds of plants at a fast rate. a. used, retires b. new, better c. new, inferior d. old, superior

b. new, better

What is the best time of day to harvest plant materials for drying? a. morning b. middle of the day c. evening d. any time is good

b. middle of the day

Dried flowers with _____ stems may be used in designing by _____ them with wire, metal or wooden picks, hollow stems, taped stems, or hot glue a. long, shortening b. short, lengthening c. short, shortening d. long, lengthening

b. short, lengthening

What are conical centerpieces? a. flat, one sided, square pieces b. thin, two-dimensional, square pieces c. cone shaped, three- dimensional isosceles triangles d. there is no such thing as a conical centerpiece

c. cone shaped, three-dimensional isosceles triangles

Floral production involved the growing of _____ or _____ for sale. a. seeds and soil b. potted plants and bedding plants c. roses or cut flowers d. flowering and foliage crops

d. flowering and foliage crops

Floral preservatives should be used because they will _____ the lasting qualities of fresh flowers. a. increase b. decrease c. floral preservatives should not be used d. none of the above

a. increase

Underwater cutting is recommended especially for roses to ensure that _____, not _____, enters the xylem. a. water, air b. air, water c. light, rust d. none of the above

a. water, air

What pH is recommended for fresh flowers in a solution? a. 3-4.5 b. 1-2.5 c. 7.5-8.5 d. 14

a. 3-4.5

After being placed in a floral preservative solution, how long should the flowers remain at room temperature for efficient uptake of the solution? a. 30 minutes b. 4 to 5 hours c. 2 to 3 hours d. 15 to 30 minutes

c. 2 to 3 hours

What factors are involved in seed germination? a. oxygen, water b. optimum temperatures c. light requirements d. all the above

d. all of the above

_____ has changed the import/export side of the floriculture industry. a. air travel b. telephones c. lighting d. space travel

a. air travel

_____ are naturally occurring chemicals produced by plants to _____ growth. a. hormones, regulate b. cells, reduce c. leaves, stems d. cuttings, root

a. hormones, regulate

_____ is responsible for cell division and differentiation. a. chlorophyll b. carbon dioxide c. cytokins d. enzymes

c. cytokins

Cellular respiration is the _________ of photosynthesis in that energy is released as the stored sugars are broken down. a. same b. reverse c. product d. none of the above

b. reverse

A dingle flower on a stem or penduncle is called a _____. a. dwarf flower b. miniature flower c. solitary flower d. none of the above

c. solitary flower

_____ are the reproductive organs of a plant. a. flowers b. leaves c. seeds d. roots

a. flowers

Most photosynthetic activity occurs in the _____ cells. a. cytoplasm b. mesophyll layer c. chlorophyll d. mitotic spindle

a. mesophyll layer

leaves are _____ with the responsibility for making _____. a. organs, beauty b. shading, food c. beauty, shading d. organs, food

d, organs, food

_____ is the best glazing materials for the production of greenhouse crops. a. glass b. polyethylene c. retractable roofing d. metal

a. glass

_____ are devices used to automatically turn greenhouse systems on or off. a. energy curtains b. power switches c. automatic on/off switches d. environmental controls

d. environmental controls

The covering of a greenhouse is often referred to as the _____. a. glazing b. framework c. roof d. glistening factor

a. glazing

What gives growers the ability to control environmental conditions affecting a crop? a. greenhouses b. sunlight c. farmers almanac d. soil

a. greenhouses

Without a day / night fluctuation of _____ to _____ degree F, orchids will grow plenty of healthy foliage, but may stubbornly refuse to flower. a. 5 to 10 b. 10 to 15 c. 15 to 20 d. 20 to 25

b. 10 to 15

A weakness associated with the ratio markup method of pricing includes all of the following elements except one. Which element should not be included with these weaknesses? a. changes in wholesale prices b. overhead costs c. failure to plan for profit d. operating expenses, including labor

a changes in wholesale prices

How is the size of a casket display determined? a. budget b. type of casket c. religious affiliation d. season of the year

b. type of casket

All of the following are related to servicing a wedding except one. Which service does not belong in this group? a. set up and distribute flowers b. distribute and pin on flowers c. anchor the aisle runner d. coordinate throwing of bouquet

d. coordinate throwing of bouquet

A naturalistic design is an arrangement that looks like a ___________. a. petite painting b. miniature landscape c. native plant collection d. organic display

b. miniature landscape

An arrangement of flowers in which the flowers have all fallen into the outer ring is commonly referred to as? a. limp syndrome arrangement b. designer's nightmare c. bottomless ring d. doughnut arrangement

d. doughnut arrangement

The flowers and leaves of a rose are mottled and streaked with silver, and dusty black droppings have collected. This damage is indicative of? a. aphids b. thrips c. mold d. botulism

b. thrips

Which of the following is a common term used to describe hiding the elements that hold the design together such as taping to cover the end of flower stems? a. cover your mechanics b. icing the design c. dressing the stage d. none of the above

a. cover your mechanics

Which of the following is not one of the broad categories of form? a. geometric b. symmetric c. naturalistic d. free form

b. symmetric

The design element __________ allows each flower to be seen in the design and creates a vital, interesting aspect within the design. a. form b. space c. patterm d. none of the above

b. space

When creating an arrangement, there is value in using both glossy and varied textures. What is the role of varied texture? a. varied textures are highly visible and attract viewer’s attention b. varied textures serve as a filler to accent the glossy texture. c. although glossy attracts viewer’s attention, texture tends to hold attention d. None of the above

c. although glossy attracts viewer’s attention, texture tends to hold attention

When growing orchids, a hygrometer is used to measure? a. light b. temperature c. air flow d. humidity

d. humidity

Dry Packed flowers are flowers that are cooled quickly and kept coll throughout the shipping process. a. True b. False

a. True

There are three main ingredients in floral preservatives. Which of the following is not one of them? a. sugar b. bactericide c. algicide d. acidifying agent

c. algicide

As part of the conditioning process, flowers should remain at room temperature for two to three hours for what purpose? a. intensify color b. open blooms c. absorb preservatives d. none of the above

c. absorb preservatives

Which of the following four factors are not important when considering water quality for fresh flowers? a. pH b. hardness c. salinity d. temperature

d. temperature

Who added dried flowers or grains to fresh flowers designs? a. Romans b. Egyptians c. Chinese d. Americans

d. Americans

Successful advertising to a target audience is based on the three profit “P’s”. Which of the following is not part of the three profit “P’s”. a. persistence b. planned c. persuasive d. pleasant

d. pleasant

Which of the following would not be considered a typical duty of a floral manager? a. determining designs of arrangements b. hiring and managing personnel c. working with budgets d. coordinating window displays

a. determining designs of arrangements

Which of the following are considered freestanding greenhouses? a. Quonset b. Gothic Arch c. Freestanding Uneven Span d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is not a direct result of light intensity and duration in greenhouse crops? a. growth b. color c. maturity d. radiation

d. radiation

The ideal temperature range of interiorscape plants is: a. 60-65 F day/ 50-55 F night b. 65-70 F day/ 45-55 F night c. 70-80 F day/ 60-65 F night d. none of the above

c. 70-80 F day/ 60-65 F night

Floriculture test bank 2025 Flashcards

Learn with multiple choice answers