Landscape conservation for informal public recreation Flashcards
Landscape protection
Conserves aesthetic appeal
Maintenance of natural features
Maintenance of human features that give character
Eg. woodland, hedgerows, stone walls
Some can be protected by preventing damaging activities
Some need active management
Eg. grazing to maintain plagioclimax
Landscape enhancement
Restoration and development of countryside features to enhance the natural character
Eg. planting woodland, soft riverbank management
Visitor management
Careful provision of facilities without damaging the character of the countryside
Eg. paths made of sand, car parks made of grass divided with hedges
Honeypot sites
Areas with especially good facilities Attract the public Keeps public away from other sites Help protect sensitive wildlife sites Help reduce congestion Help reduce disturbance to locals
Governmental organisations
Natural England
Countryside council for Wales
NPA
DEFRA
Natural England/ Countryside council for Wales
Responsible for designating areas for landscape conservation
Set up controls and regulations to be carried out by local authorities
Damaging changes are prevented
Beneficial management techniques are encouraged
NPA
National park authority Manage national parks Different NPA for different parks Control activities of landowners Planning/ development restrictions
National parks
Designated by Natural England
Very large areas, cover 2,000 KM2
Conserve and enhance natural beauty, wildlife, cultural heritage
Promote opportunities for understanding and enjoyment
Maintain rural economy
AONBs
Areas of outstanding natural beauty
Designated for landscape qualities
Aims to conserve and enhance natural beauty
Designated by Natural England
Maintained by county councils
More intensively used than national parks
Generally less opportunities for open air activities
Developments controlled by planning regulations
Examples of AONBs
Cotswolds Forest of Bowland North Pennines Cannock Chase Scilly Isles
Heritage coasts
Designated by Natural England
Finest stretches of undeveloped coastline
Scenic amenity value
Appropriate public access enhanced
Examples of heritage coasts
North Northumberland
Flamborough Headland
South Devon
St. Bees Head
National trails/ Long-distance footpaths
Designated by Natural England
Establish public rights of way
Through landscape of great scenic value
created by linking footpaths, bridleways, minor roads
Routes for walkers, cyclists, horse riders
Examples of national trails/ long-distance footpaths
Cleveland Way
Pennine Way
South Downs Way
South West Coast Path
DEFRA
Department for environment, food, rural affairs
Set up agri-environmental schemes
Some aspects designed to maintain historically important features
Other features intended to protect wildlife
Some features protect appearance of landscape
Country parks
Areas of land near urban centres Intended to provide informal recreation opportunities Many are redeveloped sites Many have secondary use Eg. reservoirs
Urban green space
Green spaces in urban areas
Allow people to see countryside
Visitor management applies the same as in rural areas
National Trust
Set up over 100 years ago
Protects threatened coastline, countryside, buildings
Protects from development for public enjoyment
700 miles of coast protected
250,000 hectares of countryside protected
Neptune coastline campaign
Purchase and protection of importance coastlines
Managed by the National Trust
Places protected by the National Trust
Farne Islands, Northumberland Malham Tarn, North Yorkshire Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve, Cambridgeshire White Cliffs of Dover, Kent Lundy Island, Devon
NGOs protecting the countryside and wildlife
National Trust
CPRE
RSPB
Wildfowl and wetlands trust
CPRE
Campaign to Protect Rural England
